Understanding Tetanus Injections and Vaccination
know about the tetanus injection, symptoms, why it is important, who should get it, types & side effects of tetanus injection more.
Written by Dr. D Bhanu Prakash
Reviewed by Dr. Rohinipriyanka Pondugula MBBS
Last updated on 30th Jul, 2025
Introduction
Tetanus is a serious bacterial infection that can cause painful muscle stiffness, breathing difficulties, and even life-threatening complications. Fortunately, tetanus is preventable through vaccination. If you’ve ever stepped on a rusty nail or had a deep wound, you may have been advised to get a tetanus shot. But what exactly is tetanus, and why is vaccination so important? Let’s break it down in simple terms.
Consult a top general practitioner for the best advice
What Is Tetanus?
Tetanus, also called "lockjaw," is caused by a toxin-producing bacterium called Clostridium tetani. This bacteria is commonly found in soil, dust, and animal feces. When it enters the body through a deep cut, puncture wound, or burn, it releases a toxin that affects the nervous system, leading to severe muscle spasms.
Unlike many other infections, tetanus is not contagious.It doesn’t spread from person to person. However, it can be deadly if not treated promptly.
Symptoms of Tetanus
Symptoms usually appear between 3 to 21 days after infection and may include:
Stiffness in the jaw (lockjaw)
Painful muscle spasms, often in the back, neck, and abdomen
Difficulty swallowing
Fever and sweating
Rapid heart rate
High blood pressure
In severe cases, tetanus can cause breathing problems due to muscle spasms in the chest, which can be life-threatening.
Why Is Tetanus Vaccination Important?
Tetanus infections are rare in countries with strong vaccination programs, but the bacteria is still present in the environment.
Vaccination is the best way to protect yourself because:
There is no cure for tetanus—treatment focuses on managing symptoms.
Even minor wounds can lead to infection if you’re not vaccinated.
Booster shots are needed periodically to maintain immunity.
Types of Tetanus Vaccines
There are different types of tetanus vaccines, often combined with protection against other diseases:
1. DTaP (Diphtheria, Tetanus, Pertussis) – Given to children in five doses (at 2, 4, 6, and 15-18 months, and 4-6 years).
2. Tdap (Tetanus, Diphtheria, Pertussis) – A booster shot for adolescents and adults (recommended every 10 years).
3. Td (Tetanus and Diphtheria) – A simpler booster for adults who don’t need pertussis protection.
When Should You Get a Tetanus Shot?
In following instances you should get a tetanus shot:
Routine Vaccination: Children receive DTaP as part of their immunization schedule.
Booster Shots: Adults should get a Td or Tdap booster every 10 years.
After an Injury: If you have a deep or dirty wound and it’s been more than 5 years since your last shot, you may need a booster.
Who Is at Higher Risk?
Some people are more likely to get tetanus, including:
Those who haven’t been vaccinated or missed booster shots.
People with diabetes or chronic wounds.
Farmers, gardeners, and construction workers (due to exposure to soil and rust).
Newborns in areas with poor hygiene (neonatal tetanus).
What to Do If You Get Injured?
If you have a deep or dirty wound:
1. Clean the wound thoroughly with soap and water.
2. Apply an antiseptic to reduce infection risk.
3. Check your vaccination history – If it’s been more than 5-10 years since your last shot, consult a doctor.
4. Seek medical help immediately if you develop muscle stiffness or spasms.
Side Effects of Tetanus Vaccination
Most people experience only mild side effects, such as:
Soreness, redness, or swelling at the injection site
Mild fever or fatigue
Headache or body aches
Severe allergic reactions are very rare.
Myths About Tetanus Shots
Myth: "Tetanus only comes from rusty nails."
Fact: Rust doesn’t cause tetanus—bacteria in soil or dirt does. Even clean cuts can get infected.
Myth: "One vaccine protects you for life."
Fact: Boosters are needed every 10 years to stay protected.
Myth: "Only children need tetanus shots."
Fact: Adults need boosters too!
How to Stay Protected?
Follow the below precautions:
Keep vaccinations up to date (check with your doctor).
Clean wounds properly to prevent infection.
Wear protective gear when working with soil or sharp objects.
When to See a Doctor?
If you or a loved one:
Has a deep or dirty wound and hasn’t had a tetanus shot in over 5 years.
Shows signs of muscle stiffness or spasms after an injury.
Final Thoughts
Tetanus is a dangerous but preventable disease. By staying vaccinated and taking simple precautions, you can protect yourself and your family. If you’re unsure about your vaccination status, consult your doctor as it’s always better to be safe than sorry.
Consult Top Specialists
Consult a top general practitioner for the best advice
Dr Bhargav Vuppumalla
General Physician/ Internal Medicine Specialist
5 Years • MBBS MD GENERAL MEDICINE
Bengaluru
Apollo Medical Center, Marathahalli, Bengaluru
Dr. Gunashree V L
General Physician/ Internal Medicine Specialist
3 Years • MBBS
Bengaluru
Apollo Clinic, JP nagar, Bengaluru
Dr Syed Mateen Pasha
General Physician
2 Years • MBBS
Bengaluru
PRESTIGE SHANTHINIKETAN - SOCIETY CLINIC, Bengaluru
Dr. Bhukya Pavan Kalyan
General Physician
5 Years • MBBS DNB Paediatrics
Bengaluru
PRESTIGE SHANTHINIKETAN - SOCIETY CLINIC, Bengaluru
Dr Suseela
General Physician
5 Years • MBBS
Bengaluru
Apollo Medical Center, Marathahalli, Bengaluru
Consult Top Specialists
Dr Bhargav Vuppumalla
General Physician/ Internal Medicine Specialist
5 Years • MBBS MD GENERAL MEDICINE
Bengaluru
Apollo Medical Center, Marathahalli, Bengaluru
Dr. Gunashree V L
General Physician/ Internal Medicine Specialist
3 Years • MBBS
Bengaluru
Apollo Clinic, JP nagar, Bengaluru
Dr Syed Mateen Pasha
General Physician
2 Years • MBBS
Bengaluru
PRESTIGE SHANTHINIKETAN - SOCIETY CLINIC, Bengaluru
Dr. Bhukya Pavan Kalyan
General Physician
5 Years • MBBS DNB Paediatrics
Bengaluru
PRESTIGE SHANTHINIKETAN - SOCIETY CLINIC, Bengaluru
Dr Suseela
General Physician
5 Years • MBBS
Bengaluru
Apollo Medical Center, Marathahalli, Bengaluru
