Understanding the Causes of Coronavirus
Explore the primary causes of coronavirus, including how it spreads, zoonotic origins, and contributing factors. Understand transmission routes and prevention methods to stay informed and protected.
Written by Dr. Vasanthasree Nair
Reviewed by Dr. D Bhanu Prakash MBBS, AFIH, Advanced certificate in critical care medicine, Fellowship in critical care medicine
Last updated on 20th Aug, 2025
The coronavirus pandemic has affected millions of lives worldwide, leaving many people confused and concerned about how the virus spreads and what causes it. If you or your loved ones have questions about COVID-19, you're not alone. This article will help you understand the causes of coronavirus, how it spreads, and what you can do to protect yourself and others.
What is Coronavirus?
Coronaviruses are a large family of viruses that can cause illnesses ranging from the common cold to more severe diseases like COVID-19 (Coronavirus Disease 2019). The virus responsible for the current pandemic is called SARS-CoV-2 (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2).
How Does Coronavirus Spread?
COVID-19 primarily spreads from person to person through respiratory droplets when an infected person coughs, sneezes, talks, or breathes. Here are the main ways the virus spreads:
1. Respiratory Droplets: When an infected person exhales, tiny droplets containing the virus can land in the mouths or noses of people nearby or be inhaled into the lungs.
2. Close Contact: Being within 6 feet (2 meters) of an infected person increases the risk of transmission.
3. Contaminated Surfaces: Though less common, touching surfaces contaminated with the virus and then touching your face (eyes, nose, or mouth) can lead to infection.
4. Airborne Transmission: In poorly ventilated indoor spaces, the virus can linger in the air for minutes to hours, increasing the risk of infection.
What Causes Coronavirus Infection?
The main cause of COVID-19 is exposure to the SARS-CoV-2 virus. However, certain factors can increase the risk of infection:
Close Contact with Infected Individuals: Living with or caring for someone with COVID-19 raises the risk.
Crowded or Poorly Ventilated Spaces: Indoor gatherings, especially without masks, facilitate virus spread.
Weakened Immune System: People with chronic illnesses (diabetes, heart disease) or weakened immunity are more vulnerable.
Lack of Vaccination: Unvaccinated individuals have a higher risk of severe infection.
Travel to High-Risk Areas: Visiting places with high infection rates increases exposure.
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How Does Coronavirus Affect Health?
Most people infected with COVID-19 experience mild to moderate symptoms, but some develop severe illness. Common symptoms include:
Fever or chills
Cough
Shortness of breath
Fatigue
Loss of taste or smell
Body aches
Sore throat
In severe cases, COVID-19 can lead to:
Pneumonia
Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)
Blood clots
Organ failure
Long-term complications (Long COVID)
How Can You Protect Yourself?
While COVID-19 is highly contagious, you can reduce your risk by following these precautions:
Get Vaccinated: Vaccines significantly lower the risk of severe illness.
Wear a Mask: Especially in crowded or indoor settings.
Wash Hands Frequently: Use soap and water for at least 20 seconds.
Maintain Social Distance: Stay at least 6 feet away from others.
Avoid Touching Your Face: Prevents the virus from entering your body.
Improve Ventilation: Open windows or use air purifiers indoors.
Stay Home If Sick: Isolate if you have symptoms to prevent spreading the virus.
When Should You See a Doctor?
Seek medical help if you experience:
Difficulty breathing
Persistent chest pain
Confusion or inability to stay awake
Bluish lips or face
If you suspect COVID-19, get tested and follow medical advice.
Conclusion
Understanding the causes of coronavirus helps you take the right precautions to stay safe. By following preventive measures, getting vaccinated, and staying informed, you can protect yourself and your loved ones.
If you have concerns about COVID-19 or need medical advice, Apollo 24|7 is here to help. You can book a consultation or schedule a COVID-19 test through our app or website. Stay safe, stay informed, and take care of your health!
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