Allergic Bronchopulmonary Aspergillosis Overview
Learn about Allergic Bronchopulmonary Aspergillosis (ABPA), its causes, symptoms, and risk factors. Discover how this allergic reaction to fungal spores affects the lungs and how it can be diagnosed and managed effectively.
Written by Dr. D Bhanu Prakash
Reviewed by Dr. Shaik Abdul Kalam MD (Physician)
Last updated on 26th Aug, 2025
If you or someone you know has been diagnosed with Allergic Bronchopulmonary Aspergillosis (ABPA), you might have questions about what it is, how it affects your health, and what you can do to manage it. Don’t worry, we’re here to help! This guide will explain ABPA in simple terms, covering symptoms, causes, treatments, and helpful lifestyle tips.
What is Allergic Bronchopulmonary Aspergillosis (ABPA)?
ABPA is a lung condition caused by an allergic reaction to a common fungus called Aspergillus. This fungus is found in soil, dust, and decaying plants. While most people breathe in Aspergillus spores without any issues, some individuals with asthma or cystic fibrosis may develop an allergic response, leading to inflammation and damage in the airways.
ABPA is not an infection, it’s an overactive immune response where the body mistakenly attacks the fungus, causing lung problems.
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Doctor's speciality: Pulmonology
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Symptoms of ABPA
The symptoms of ABPA can be similar to asthma, making it tricky to diagnose. Common signs include:
- Wheezing (a whistling sound while breathing)
- Shortness of breath
- Chronic cough, sometimes with brownish mucus
- Fever (occasionally)
- Fatigue and weakness
- Chest tightness or pain
If you have asthma and notice these symptoms worsening, it’s important to see a doctor.
What Causes ABPA?
ABPA occurs when:
1. Aspergillus spores are inhaled.
2. The immune system overreacts, causing inflammation in the lungs.
3. Over time, this leads to bronchial damage and mucus buildup.
Who is at Risk?
People with:
- Asthma (especially long-term or severe cases)
- Cystic fibrosis
- Weak immune systems (though this is less common)
How Does ABPA Affect Your Health?
If left untreated, ABPA can lead to:
- Bronchiectasis (damage and widening of airways)
- Recurrent lung infections
- Breathing difficulties
The good news is that early diagnosis and treatment can prevent complications.
Diagnosis of ABPA
Doctors use a combination of tests to confirm ABPA, including:
- Blood tests (to check for high IgE levels and Aspergillus antibodies)
- Imaging tests (chest X-rays or CT scans)
- Sputum tests (to detect Aspergillus)
- Lung function tests (to check breathing capacity)
If you suspect ABPA, consult a pulmonologist (lung specialist) for proper evaluation.
Get Your Health Assessed
Treatment Options for ABPA
The goal of treatment is to reduce inflammation, control symptoms, and prevent lung damage. Common treatments include:
1. Corticosteroids (Prednisone)
- Helps reduce inflammation in the lungs.
- Usually given in short courses to avoid side effects.
2. Antifungal Medications (Itraconazole, Voriconazole)
- Helps reduce fungal load in the lungs.
- Used if symptoms persist despite steroids.
3. Bronchodilators (Inhalers)
- Helps open airways and ease breathing.
- Useful for asthma-like symptoms.
4. Biologic Therapies (Omalizumab)
- For severe cases, this targets allergic reactions.
Your doctor will tailor treatment based on your condition.
Lifestyle & Home Remedies for ABPA
While medications are essential, lifestyle changes can help manage ABPA effectively:
1. Avoid Mold & Dust Exposure
- Keep your home clean and dry to prevent mold growth.
- Use air purifiers with HEPA filters.
- Wear a mask while cleaning or gardening.
2. Stay Hydrated
- Drinking water helps thin mucus, making it easier to cough up.
3. Exercise Safely
- Light exercises like walking or yoga improve lung function.
- Avoid heavy exertion if it triggers breathing problems.
4. Eat a Balanced Diet
- Foods rich in vitamin C (citrus fruits, bell peppers) and omega-3 (fish, flaxseeds) help reduce inflammation.
- Avoid processed foods that may worsen allergies.
5. Quit Smoking
- Smoking worsens lung damage, seek help to quit if needed.
When to See a Doctor?
Consult a doctor if you experience:
- Worsening asthma symptoms
- Persistent cough with unusual mucus
- Frequent lung infections
Early diagnosis can prevent complications and improve quality of life.
Can ABPA Be Cured?
ABPA is a chronic condition, but with proper treatment, symptoms can be controlled. Many people live normal lives by managing flare-ups and following medical advice.
Need Help? Book a Consultation Today!
If you suspect ABPA or need expert advice, Apollo 24|7 offers online consultations with pulmonologists and diagnostic tests. Early intervention can make a big difference!
Final Thoughts
Allergic Bronchopulmonary Aspergillosis (ABPA) is a complex lung condition that arises from an allergic reaction to Aspergillus fungi, primarily affecting individuals with asthma or cystic fibrosis. Early diagnosis and prompt treatment are crucial to prevent long-term lung damage and improve respiratory health.
Consult a Top Pulmonologist
Consult a Top Pulmonologist
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Consult a Top Pulmonologist
Dr. Krishna Ramanathan
Ent Specialist
10 Years • MBBS DNB
Bengaluru
Apollo Clinic, JP nagar, Bengaluru
Dr. Amrutha G
General Physician/ Internal Medicine Specialist
10 Years • MBBS,DNB(family medicine), Diabetologist-CCEBDM,CCGDM
Bengaluru
Apollo Clinic, Sarjapur Road, Bengaluru
Dr. Siddharth Anand
Pulmonology Respiratory Medicine Specialist
10 Years • MBBS,MD(TUBERCULOSIS AND RESPIRATORY DISEASES)
Ghaziabad
Navaanya wellness, Ghaziabad
Dr Sravani Kuppam
General Physician/ Internal Medicine Specialist
12 Years • MBBS DNB General Medicine, CCDM (Diabetes)
Bengaluru
Apollo Medical Center, Marathahalli, Bengaluru
Dr. Naseeha Mohammed S V
Pulmonology Respiratory Medicine Specialist
6 Years • MBBS, MD ,DNB Respiratory Medicine
Bengaluru
Apollo Clinic, Sarjapur Road, Bengaluru
