Iron Deficiency Anaemia Overview and Management
Know all about iron deficiency anaemia, what it is, symptoms, causes and management during iron deficiency anaemia.
Written by Dr. Rohinipriyanka Pondugula
Reviewed by Dr. Md Yusuf Shareef MBBS
Last updated on 2nd Sep, 2025
Introduction
Iron deficiency anaemia is a common condition where your body lacks enough healthy red blood cells due to insufficient iron. Without enough iron, your blood can’t carry adequate oxygen to your tissues, leaving you feeling tired, weak, and short of breath. The good news is that with the right knowledge and care, this condition can be managed effectively.
What is Iron Deficiency Anaemia?
Iron is a vital mineral that helps produce haemoglobin, a protein in red blood cells responsible for transporting oxygen throughout your body. When your iron levels drop too low, your body struggles to produce enough haemoglobin, leading to anaemia.
This condition is widespread in:
Women (due to menstruation and pregnancy)
Young children (due to rapid growth)
Vegetarians or vegans (due to lower iron intake from plant-based diets)
People with chronic diseases (like ulcers or celiac disease)
Symptoms of Iron Deficiency Anaemia?
The signs can be mild at first but worsen over time. Common symptoms include:
Extreme fatigue and weakness
Pale or yellowish skin
Shortness of breath
Dizziness or lightheadedness
Cold hands and feet
Brittle nails
Unusual cravings for non-food items (like ice or dirt) – a condition called pica
Headaches
If you notice these symptoms, it’s important to get checked, as untreated anaemia can lead to complications like heart problems or delayed growth in children.
Consult Top General Practitioner for Personalised Advice
Causes of Iron Deficiency Anaemia
Several factors can lead to low iron levels:
1. Blood Loss – Heavy periods, ulcers, or internal bleeding.
2. Poor Diet – Not eating enough iron-rich foods (meat, leafy greens, beans).
3. Inability to Absorb Iron – Conditions like celiac disease or stomach surgeries.
4. Pregnancy – Increased iron needs for the growing baby.
5. Chronic Diseases – Kidney disease or inflammatory disorders.
How to Manage Iron Deficiency Anaemia?
Iron deficiency anaemia is treatable! Here’s how you can manage it:
1. Dietary Changes
Eating iron-rich foods can help boost your levels. There are two types of dietary iron:
Heme Iron (better absorbed) – Found in meat, poultry, and fish.
Non-Heme Iron (plant-based) – Found in beans, lentils, spinach, nuts, and fortified cereals.
Tips for Better Iron Absorption:
Pair iron-rich foods with Vitamin C (oranges, tomatoes, bell peppers) to enhance absorption.
Avoid drinking tea or coffee with meals, as they block iron absorption.
Cook in cast-iron cookware to add small amounts of iron to food.
2. Iron Supplements
If diet alone isn’t enough, your doctor may recommend iron supplements.
Take them on an empty stomach (unless they upset your stomach).
Avoid taking them with dairy or antacids, as they interfere with absorption.
Common side effects: constipation or dark stools (drinking more water and eating fiber can help).
3. Treating Underlying Causes
If your anaemia is due to heavy periods, ulcers, or other medical conditions, treating the root cause is essential.
4. Regular Blood Tests
Monitoring your haemoglobin and iron levels helps track progress.
When to See a Doctor?
If you experience persistent fatigue, dizziness, or other symptoms, consult a doctor. A simple blood test can confirm iron deficiency anaemia.
Final Thoughts
Iron deficiency anaemia is common but manageable. By eating a balanced diet, taking supplements if needed, and addressing underlying causes, you can restore your energy and overall health.
Consult Top General Practitioner for Personalised Advice
Consult Top General Practitioner for Personalised Advice
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