Asthma Causes and Symptoms Explained
Explore the comprehensive list of asthma causes, from genetics to environmental factors. Learn to identify common symptoms like wheezing, coughing, and shortness of breath to better understand this lung condition.
Written by Dr. Mohammed Kamran
Reviewed by Dr. Shaik Abdul Kalam MD (Physician)
Last updated on 19th Aug, 2025
If you or someone you know has asthma, you might be familiar with the sudden difficulty in breathing, wheezing, or tightness in the chest. Asthma is a common but serious condition that affects millions of people worldwide. Understanding its causes and symptoms can help manage it better and improve quality of life.
What is Asthma?
Asthma is a chronic (longterm) lung condition where the airways become inflamed, narrow, and produce extra mucus, making it difficult to breathe. It can range from mild to severe and may require regular treatment to keep symptoms under control.
Common Symptoms of Asthma
Asthma symptoms can vary from person to person, but the most common ones include:
Wheezing – A whistling or squeaky sound while breathing.
Shortness of breath – Feeling like you can’t get enough air.
Chest tightness – A feeling of pressure or squeezing in the chest.
Coughing – Often worse at night or early morning.
Some people experience symptoms only during physical activity (exercise-induced asthma), while others may have frequent flare ups triggered by allergies or infections.
What Causes Asthma?
The exact cause of asthma is not fully understood, but several factors contribute to its development:
1. Genetic Factors
If someone in your family has asthma or allergies, you may be more likely to develop it.
2. Environmental Triggers
Exposure to certain substances can worsen asthma symptoms, such as:
Allergens – Pollen, dust mites, pet dander, mold.
Air pollution – Smoke, vehicle exhaust, industrial fumes.
Respiratory infections – Colds, flu, or sinus infections.
Strong odors – Perfumes, cleaning products, or paint fumes.
3. Occupational Hazards
People working in industries like farming, painting, or woodworking may develop asthma due to exposure to chemicals or dust.
4. Physical Activity
Exercise can trigger asthma in some people, especially in cold or dry air.
5. Weather Changes
Cold air, humidity, or sudden temperature changes can worsen asthma symptoms.
6. Stress & Emotions
Strong emotions like anxiety, laughter, or crying can sometimes trigger asthma attacks.
Consult Top Specialists
How Asthma Affects Your Health?
If asthma is not managed properly, it can lead to:
Frequent emergency visits or hospitalizations.
Reduced physical activity due to breathing difficulties.
Sleep disturbances from nighttime coughing or wheezing.
Long-term lung damage in severe cases.
Tips to Manage Asthma
While asthma cannot be cured, it can be controlled effectively with the right approach:
1. Follow Your Asthma Action Plan
If you have asthma, your doctor may give you a personalized action plan with medications and steps to take during flareups.
2. Avoid Triggers
Identify and minimize exposure to things that worsen your asthma, such as smoke, dust, or pet hair.
3. Take Medications as Prescribed
Quickrelief inhalers (like albuterol) help during sudden symptoms.
Long-term control medicines (like corticosteroids) reduce inflammation.
4. Monitor Your Breathing
Use a peak flow meter to check lung function regularly and detect early signs of worsening asthma.
5. Stay Active Safely
Exercise is important, but warm up properly and avoid outdoor activities in extreme cold or high pollen days.
6. Maintain a Healthy Lifestyle
Eat a balanced diet rich in fruits and vegetables.
Stay hydrated to keep mucus thin.
Get enough sleep to support immune health.
7. Get Vaccinated
Flu and pneumonia vaccines can prevent respiratory infections that may trigger asthma attacks.
When to See a Doctor?
Consult a healthcare provider if:
Symptoms worsen despite using an inhaler.
You need your quick relief inhaler more than twice a week.
Breathing difficulties interfere with daily activities.
If you experience severe symptoms like extreme shortness of breath, bluish lips, or difficulty speaking, seek emergency care immediately.
Need Help Managing Asthma?
If you suspect asthma or need expert guidance, Apollo 24|7 offers consultations with pulmonologists and asthma specialists. You can also book lung function tests to assess your condition accurately.
Take Control of Your Breathing Today!
Asthma doesn’t have to limit your life. With proper care and awareness, you can breathe easier and stay active. If you have concerns about asthma symptoms, don’t hesitate to reach out to a healthcare professional.
Would you like to schedule a consultation or a lung function test? Visit Apollo 24|7 for expert care and support.
Stay informed, stay healthy!
Consult Top Specialists
Consult Top Specialists
Dr. Ashwani Kumar
Ent Specialist
11 Years • MBBS, DNB (Otorhinolaryngology)
Delhi
Apollo Hospitals Indraprastha, Delhi
(25+ Patients)
Dr. Puja Chatterjee
Ent Specialist
7 Years • MBBS, MS (AIIMS, Delhi), DNB, MRCS-ENT (Royal College of Surgeons, England)
Bengaluru
Apollo Clinic, JP nagar, Bengaluru
Dr. Ravichandar L
Ent Specialist
34 Years • MBBS, M.S in Otolaryngology
Bengaluru
Apollo Clinic, Indiranagar, Bengaluru
Dr. Safina Kauser
Ent Specialist
7 Years • MBBS, MS
Bengaluru
Apollo Clinic, JP nagar, Bengaluru
Dr. Chava Anjaneyulu
Ent Specialist
24 Years • MS,ENT, (AIIMS, New Delhi), consultant ENT surgeon
Hyderabad
Apollo Hospitals Jubilee Hills, Hyderabad
