Understanding Asthma in Children
Learn about asthma in children, including common symptoms, triggers, and effective treatment strategies. Discover how to manage your child’s asthma and improve their quality of life.
Written by Dr. Md Yusuf Shareef
Reviewed by Dr. Rohinipriyanka Pondugula MBBS
Last updated on 26th Aug, 2025
Asthma is a common yet concerning condition that affects many children worldwide. As a parent, watching your child struggle with breathing difficulties can be frightening. However, with the right knowledge and care, asthma can be managed effectively, allowing your child to lead a healthy, active life.
This article will help you understand what asthma is, its symptoms, causes, and how to support your child in managing it.
What is Asthma?
Asthma is a chronic (long-term) condition that affects the airways (breathing tubes) in the lungs. When a child has asthma, their airways become inflamed, narrow, and produce extra mucus, making it difficult to breathe.
Asthma symptoms can range from mild to severe and may come and go. Some children experience occasional flare-ups, while others may have frequent episodes.
Consult a Top Pulmonologist
Common Symptoms of Asthma in Children
Recognizing asthma symptoms early can help in managing the condition better. Look out for:
- Wheezing – A whistling or squeaky sound when breathing.
- Coughing – Especially at night or after physical activity.
- Shortness of breath – Difficulty breathing or rapid breathing.
- Chest tightness – Your child may complain of discomfort or pressure in the chest.
- Fatigue – Due to difficulty in breathing, your child may feel tired quickly.
Note: Symptoms can vary from child to child. Some may have only a persistent cough without wheezing, while others may experience severe attacks.
What Causes Asthma in Children?
The exact cause of asthma is unknown, but several factors contribute to its development:
- Genetics – If a parent has asthma, the child is more likely to develop it.
- Allergies – Pollen, dust mites, pet dander, or mold can trigger asthma.
- Respiratory Infections – Frequent colds or bronchitis can increase the risk.
- Environmental Factors – Smoke, pollution, strong odors, or cold air can worsen symptoms.
- Physical Activity – Exercise-induced asthma can cause symptoms during or after play.
How Asthma Affects a Child’s Health
If not managed properly, asthma can:
- Disrupt sleep due to nighttime coughing or wheezing.
- Affect school performance due to fatigue or missed school days.
- Limit physical activities, making children hesitant to play or exercise.
- Lead to severe asthma attacks, requiring emergency care.
The good news? With proper treatment and lifestyle adjustments, most children with asthma can stay active and healthy.
Tips for Managing Asthma in Children
Below are the tips for managing asthma in children,
1. Work with a Doctor
- Get a proper diagnosis and an asthma action plan from a pediatrician or pulmonologist.
- Ensure your child takes prescribed medications (inhalers, nebulizers) correctly.
2. Identify and Avoid Triggers
- Keep the home free from dust, pet hair, and mold.
- Avoid exposure to cigarette smoke and strong perfumes.
- Use allergy-proof mattress and pillow covers.
3. Encourage a Healthy Lifestyle
- Exercise – With proper precautions, physical activity strengthens the lungs.
- Balanced Diet – Foods rich in vitamins (fruits, vegetables) support lung health.
- Hydration – Drinking water helps keep mucus thin and airways clear.
4. Monitor Symptoms
- Use a peak flow meter (a small device that measures lung function) if recommended.
- Keep a symptom diary to track flare-ups and possible triggers.
5. Be Prepared for Emergencies
- Know when to seek emergency help (severe wheezing, difficulty speaking, bluish lips).
- Always keep a rescue inhaler (quick-relief medicine) handy.
When to See a Doctor
Consult a pediatrician if:
- Your child has frequent coughing or wheezing.
- Breathing problems interfere with sleep or daily activities.
- Symptoms worsen despite using prescribed medications.
Early diagnosis and treatment can prevent complications and help your child breathe easier.
Final Thoughts
Asthma in children is manageable with the right care and precautions. By understanding the condition, avoiding triggers, and following medical advice, you can help your child stay active and healthy. Early intervention can make a big difference in your child’s quality of life.
Consult a Top Pulmonologist
Consult a Top Pulmonologist
Dr Haripriya S G
Family Physician
22 Years • MBBS, PGD (Family Medicine)
Bengaluru
Apollo Clinic, JP nagar, Bengaluru
Dr. Mary Susan K S
General Physician/ Internal Medicine Specialist
13 Years • MBBS, MD INTERNAL MEDICINE
Bengaluru
Apollo Clinic, Sarjapur Road, Bengaluru
Dr. Bhargavi Koppolu
Pulmonology Respiratory Medicine Specialist
6 Years • MBBS, MD (Pulmonology )
Visakhapatnam
Apollo Hospitals Ramnagar Vizag, Visakhapatnam
Dr. Sumara Maqbool
Pulmonology Respiratory Medicine Specialist
12 Years • MBBS, DNB Respiratory, critical care and sleep medicine, DrNB superspeciality Critical care, IDCCM, IFCCM, EDIC
Delhi
Apollo Hospitals Indraprastha, Delhi
(25+ Patients)
Dr. Arjun Ramaswamy
Pulmonology Respiratory Medicine Specialist
9 Years • MD (RESPIRATORY MEDICINE), DM (PULMONARY MEDICINE, CRITICAL CARE AND SLEEP MEDICINE)
Mumbai
Apollo Hospitals CBD Belapur, Mumbai
(25+ Patients)
Consult a Top Pulmonologist
Dr Haripriya S G
Family Physician
22 Years • MBBS, PGD (Family Medicine)
Bengaluru
Apollo Clinic, JP nagar, Bengaluru
Dr. Mary Susan K S
General Physician/ Internal Medicine Specialist
13 Years • MBBS, MD INTERNAL MEDICINE
Bengaluru
Apollo Clinic, Sarjapur Road, Bengaluru
Dr. Bhargavi Koppolu
Pulmonology Respiratory Medicine Specialist
6 Years • MBBS, MD (Pulmonology )
Visakhapatnam
Apollo Hospitals Ramnagar Vizag, Visakhapatnam
Dr. Sumara Maqbool
Pulmonology Respiratory Medicine Specialist
12 Years • MBBS, DNB Respiratory, critical care and sleep medicine, DrNB superspeciality Critical care, IDCCM, IFCCM, EDIC
Delhi
Apollo Hospitals Indraprastha, Delhi
(25+ Patients)
Dr. Arjun Ramaswamy
Pulmonology Respiratory Medicine Specialist
9 Years • MD (RESPIRATORY MEDICINE), DM (PULMONARY MEDICINE, CRITICAL CARE AND SLEEP MEDICINE)
Mumbai
Apollo Hospitals CBD Belapur, Mumbai
(25+ Patients)
.webp)