Understanding the Reasons for Back Pain
Explore the various reasons for back pain, including poor posture, injuries, and medical conditions. Learn about symptoms, diagnosis, and effective treatment options for lasting relief.
Written by Dr. Siri Nallapu
Reviewed by Dr. Shaik Abdul Kalam MD (Physician)
Last updated on 13th Jan, 2026
Back pain is one of the most common health complaints, affecting people of all ages. Whether it’s a dull ache or a sharp, stabbing pain, back discomfort can disrupt daily life and limit mobility. The good news is that most cases of back pain are not serious and can be managed with simple lifestyle changes and proper care. In this article, we’ll explore the common causes of back pain, its symptoms, and practical ways to prevent and manage it.
What Causes Back Pain?
Back pain can arise from various factors, including poor posture, injuries, or underlying medical conditions. Here are some of the most common reasons:
1. Muscle or Ligament Strain
Lifting heavy objects, sudden awkward movements, or poor posture can strain the muscles and ligaments in your back. This often leads to stiffness and pain, especially in the lower back.
2. Herniated or Bulging Discs
The spine is made up of small bones (vertebrae) cushioned by soft discs. When a disc slips or bulges, it can press on nerves, causing pain, numbness, or weakness in the legs.
3. Arthritis
Osteoarthritis can affect the spine, leading to stiffness and discomfort, particularly in the lower back. In severe cases, it may narrow the space around the spinal cord, a condition called spinal stenosis.
4. Poor Posture
Sitting for long hours, slouching, or using improper ergonomics at work can strain your back muscles and lead to chronic pain.
5. Osteoporosis
Weak and brittle bones due to osteoporosis can cause small fractures in the spine, leading to pain and a hunched posture.
6. Injuries or Accidents
Falls, car accidents, or sports injuries can damage the spine, muscles, or ligaments, resulting in acute or chronic back pain.
7. Other Medical Conditions
Certain conditions like kidney infections, endometriosis, or tumours (though rare) can also cause back pain.
Symptoms of Back Pain
Back pain can vary from mild to severe and may include:
A dull, constant ache
Sharp or shooting pain
Stiffness and reduced flexibility
Pain that worsens with movement
Numbness or tingling in the legs (indicating nerve involvement)
If your back pain is accompanied by fever, unexplained weight loss, or loss of bladder/bowel control, seek medical attention immediately, as these could signal a serious condition.
How to Prevent and Manage Back Pain
While some causes of back pain require medical treatment, many cases can be improved with simple lifestyle changes:
1. Maintain Good Posture
Sit straight with your shoulders relaxed and feet flat on the floor.
Use ergonomic chairs and adjust your computer screen to eye level.
Avoid slouching while using your phone (text neck is a common cause of pain).
2. Stay Active
Regular exercise strengthens back muscles and improves flexibility.
Low-impact activities like walking, swimming, or yoga are excellent choices.
Avoid prolonged sitting—take short breaks to stretch.
Consult Top Specialists To Manage Back Pain
3. Lift Objects Properly
Bend your knees, not your back, when lifting heavy items.
Hold the object close to your body and avoid twisting while lifting.
4. Maintain a Healthy Weight
Excess weight puts extra strain on your spine. A balanced diet and regular exercise can help.
5. Sleep on a Supportive Mattress
A medium-firm mattress supports the spine better than one that’s too soft or too hard.
Sleeping on your side with a pillow between your knees can reduce lower back strain.
6. Apply Heat or Cold Therapy
Ice packs can reduce inflammation in the first 48 hours of pain.
Heating pads or warm baths help relax stiff muscles afterward.
7. Manage Stress
Stress tightens muscles, worsening back pain. Practice relaxation techniques like deep breathing or meditation.
When to See a Doctor?
Most back pain improves within a few weeks with self-care. However, consult a doctor if:
Pain persists beyond a few weeks.
Pain spreads down the legs or causes weakness/numbness.
You experience sudden weight loss, fever, or bladder/bowel issues.
If you’re struggling with persistent back pain, consider booking a consultation with a specialist through Apollo 24|7. Early diagnosis and treatment can prevent complications and help you recover faster.
Conclusion
Back pain is common but manageable. By understanding its causes and making small lifestyle adjustments, you can reduce discomfort and improve your quality of life. Remember, staying active, maintaining good posture, and seeking timely medical advice when needed are key to a healthy back.
If you need expert guidance, don’t hesitate to reach out to healthcare professionals. Book a consultation today on Apollo 24|7 for personalised care and support!
Consult Top Specialists
Consult Top Specialists To Manage Back Pain
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Dr. Sudipta Saha
Orthopaedician
8 Years • MBBS,(D. Ortho)
Kolkata
VDC Clinic, Kolkata
Dr. Rupam Chowdhury
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10 Years • MBBS, DNB (Ortho.)
Kolkata
MCR SUPER SPECIALITY POLY CLINIC & PATHOLOGY, Kolkata
Dr. Senthil Kamalasekaran
Orthopaedician
21 Years • MBBS, MS, MRCS, Fellow in Knee Surg.
Chennai
Apollo Hospitals Greams Road, Chennai
(25+ Patients)
Dr Vikas P Birla
Orthopedics-Sports Medicine
13 Years • MBBS, DNB, MNAMS, Fellowship in Shoulder and Sports Injury
Delhi
Apollo Hospitals Indraprastha, Delhi
Dr. Anil Pradeep Jadhav
Orthopaedician
23 Years • MBBS MS (Ortho)
Nashik
Apollo Hospitals Nashik, Nashik
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