Baker's Cyst: Overview of Treatment and Symptoms
Know what is baker's cyst is, who contracts it, its symptoms, its diagnosis, and its causes. Learn about the treatment options and more.
Written by Dr. Shaik Abdul Kalam
Reviewed by Dr. Rohinipriyanka Pondugula MBBS
Last updated on 4th Sep, 2025
Introduction
If you’ve noticed a soft, fluid-filled lump behind your knee, you might have a Baker’s cyst (also called a popliteal cyst). While it may sound concerning, this condition is usually harmless and often linked to knee joint issues like arthritis or injury.
In this article, we’ll explain what a Baker’s cyst is, its symptoms, causes, and how you can manage it effectively.
What Is a Baker’s Cyst?
A Baker’s cyst is a fluid-filled sac that forms behind the knee due to excess joint fluid (synovial fluid) leaking from the knee joint. It’s not a tumour or cancerous growth but rather a secondary issue caused by underlying knee problems.
Consult General Practitioner for Personalised Advice
Who Gets Baker’s Cysts?
- Adults (especially those over 40)
- People with knee conditions like osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, or meniscus tears
- Athletes or individuals with knee injuries
Symptoms of a Baker’s Cyst
Many people with a Baker’s cyst may not feel any discomfort, but when symptoms occur, they include:
- A soft, swollen lump behind the knee
- Stiffness or tightness in the knee
- Pain when bending or straightening the knee
- Swelling that worsens with activity
In rare cases, the cyst may rupture, causing:
- Sharp pain in the calf
- Swelling and redness (similar to a blood clot)
- If you experience sudden calf pain or swelling, seek medical attention to rule out serious conditions like deep vein thrombosis (DVT).
What Causes a Baker’s Cyst?
The cyst forms when the knee produces too much synovial fluid due to:
- Arthritis (osteoarthritis or rheumatoid arthritis) – Inflammation increases fluid production.
- Knee injuries (meniscus tear, ligament damage) – Trauma leads to excess fluid buildup.
- Gout or other inflammatory joint conditions
How Is a Baker’s Cyst Diagnosed?
Doctors usually diagnose it through:
- Physical examination – Checking for swelling behind the knee.
- Ultrasound or MRI – Confirming the cyst and checking for underlying knee problems.
- If needed, your doctor may recommend further tests to assess joint damage.
Treatment Options for Baker’s Cyst
Most Baker’s cysts go away on their own, but treatment focuses on addressing the underlying cause and relieving symptoms.
1. Home Care & Lifestyle Changes
- Rest & Ice – Reduce swelling by applying ice for 15-20 minutes.
- Compression bandage – Helps minimise fluid buildup.
- Elevation – Keep the leg raised to reduce swelling.
- Over-the-counter pain relievers – NSAIDs like ibuprofen can ease pain and inflammation.
2. Medical Treatments
- Corticosteroid injections – Reduce inflammation in the knee joint.
- Draining the cyst (aspiration) – A doctor removes excess fluid with a needle (rarely done, as cysts often return).
- Physical therapy – Strengthening knee muscles can prevent recurrence.
3. Treating the Underlying Cause
- If arthritis is the cause, managing it with medications or lifestyle changes helps.
- If a meniscus tear is present, surgery may be needed.
When to See a Doctor?
Consult a doctor if:
- The cyst is painful or growing.
- Your knee feels unstable or locks.
- You notice sudden calf swelling or redness (possible rupture or DVT).
Can You Prevent a Baker’s Cyst?
While not always preventable, you can lower the risk by:
- Maintaining a healthy weight to reduce knee stress.
- Strengthening leg muscles with low-impact exercises (swimming, cycling).
- Avoiding excessive knee strain during sports or heavy lifting.
Final Thoughts
A Baker’s cyst is usually harmless but can be uncomfortable. Most cases improve with rest and simple treatments like home care treatments, medications and lifestyle adjustments. However, if you have persistent pain or swelling, it’s best to consult a doctor to rule out serious conditions.
Consult General Practitioner for Personalised Advice
Consult General Practitioner for Personalised Advice
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Dr. Sujay P R
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Consult General Practitioner for Personalised Advice
Dr. Susanta Chakraborty
General Physician/ Internal Medicine Specialist
24 Years • MBBS , MD (General medicine)
North 24 Parganas
Rejuv Clinic, North 24 Parganas
Dr. Impana G N
Physician/ Internal Medicine/ Covid Consult
11 Years • MBBS,DNB FAMILY MEDICINE, MNAMS ,CCEBDM
Mysuru
Apollo BGS Hospital Adichuchanagiri Road, Mysuru
Dr. Pramodh Krishnamurthy
General Physician/ Internal Medicine Specialist
19 Years • MBBS
Bengaluru
Apollo Clinic, Sarjapur Road, Bengaluru
Dr. Mijanur Rahaman Mondal
General Practitioner
3 Years • MBBS
Kolkata
Dr Utsa Basu Clinic, Kolkata
(25+ Patients)
Dr. Sujay P R
General Physician/ Internal Medicine Specialist
3 Years • MBBS
Bengaluru
PRESTIGE SHANTHINIKETAN - SOCIETY CLINIC, Bengaluru