Understanding Bedsores: Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment
Understand bedsores, their causes, symptoms, and treatment options. Learn how pressure ulcers develop, ways to prevent them, and effective care strategies for healing.
Written by Dr. J T Hema Pratima
Reviewed by Dr. Shaik Abdul Kalam MD (Physician)
Last updated on 1st Sep, 2025
Introduction
Bedsores, also known as pressure ulcers or decubitus ulcers, are painful skin injuries that develop due to prolonged pressure on the skin. They commonly affect people who are bedridden, use wheelchairs, or have limited mobility. If left untreated, bedsores can lead to serious infections and complications.
This article will help you understand what bedsores are, their causes, symptoms, and how they can be treated and prevented.
What Are Bedsores?
Bedsores are injuries to the skin and underlying tissues caused by constant pressure, friction, or moisture. They often develop on bony areas of the body, such as the:
- Hips
- Tailbone (coccyx)
- Heels
- Elbows
- Shoulder blades
People who are unable to move or change positions frequently are at higher risk of developing bedsores.
Consult a Dermatologist for the best advice
Causes of Bedsores
Bedsores occur when blood flow to an area of the skin is cut off for more than a few hours. The main causes include:
1. Prolonged Pressure – Sitting or lying in the same position for too long reduces blood flow to the skin.
2. Friction – Rubbing against bedsheets or clothing can damage the skin, especially if the skin is moist.
3. Shear Force – When the skin moves in one direction while the bone moves in another (e.g., sliding down a bed), it can tear tissues.
4. Moisture – Sweat, urine, or other fluids can soften the skin, making it more prone to sores.
Who Is at Risk?
Certain factors increase the chances of developing bedsores. Those most at risk include:
- Elderly individuals with limited mobility
- People confined to beds or wheelchairs
- Those with diabetes or poor circulation
- Patients recovering from surgery
- Individuals with nerve damage (e.g., spinal cord injuries)
Symptoms of Bedsores
Bedsores develop in stages, and early detection is crucial for effective treatment. The symptoms vary based on severity:
Stage 1 (Early Stage)
- Red or discolored skin that doesn’t turn white when pressed
- Warm or tender to touch
- May itch or burn
Stage 2 (Partial Thickness Skin Loss)
- Blister-like sores or open wounds
- Painful and may ooze fluid
Stage 3 (Deep Wound)
- A crater-like sore extending into deeper tissues
- Visible fat but no bone, tendon, or muscle exposure
Stage 4 (Severe Damage)
- Deep wound exposing bone, muscle, or tendons
- High risk of infection
If you notice any of these signs, seek medical help immediately to prevent complications.
Treatment for Bedsores
Treatment depends on the stage of the bedsore. Early-stage sores can often be treated at home, while advanced cases require medical attention.
1. Home Care for Early-Stage Bedsores
- Relieve Pressure – Change positions every 1-2 hours. Use special cushions or mattresses.
- Keep Skin Clean & Dry – Wash gently with mild soap and water, then pat dry.
- Use Moisture Barrier Creams – Protect skin from urine or sweat irritation.
- Healthy Diet – Eat protein-rich foods (eggs, lentils, fish) and stay hydrated for faster healing.
2. Medical Treatments for Advanced Bedsores
- Wound Cleaning & Dressings – Doctors may use special bandages to keep the wound moist and prevent infection.
- Medications – Antibiotics for infections or pain relievers if needed.
- Debridement – Removal of dead tissue to promote healing.
- Surgery – In severe cases, skin grafts may be required.
Preventing Bedsores
Prevention is always better than cure. Here are some simple steps to avoid bedsores:
- Change Positions Frequently – Shift weight every 1-2 hours if bedridden or in a wheelchair.
- Use Supportive Surfaces – Special mattresses (air or foam) reduce pressure.
- Keep Skin Clean & Moisturized – Avoid harsh soaps; use gentle moisturizers.
- Check Skin Daily – Look for redness or irritation, especially over bony areas.
- Stay Active – Gentle movements improve blood circulation.
- Eat a Balanced Diet – Protein, vitamins (especially C & zinc), and hydration help skin health.
When to See a Doctor?
If you or a loved one has:
- A sore that isn’t healing
- Increasing pain, redness, or swelling
- Pus or foul-smelling discharge
- Fever or signs of infection
Consult a doctor immediately to prevent serious complications like cellulitis or bone infections.
Final Thoughts
Bedsores can be painful and dangerous if ignored, but with proper care, they can be prevented and treated. If you or someone you care for is at risk, take preventive steps and seek medical advice if needed.
Consult a Dermatologist for the best advice
Consult a Dermatologist for the best advice
Dr. Kavitha Killaparthy
Dermatologist
23 Years • MBBS,DIPLOMA(DERMATOLOGY,VENEREOLOGY,LEPROSY)
Hyderabad
JDS Skin & Hair Clinic, Hyderabad
Dr. Mayuri Jain
Dermatologist
11 Years • MBBS, MD Dermatology , Venereology & Leprosy
Delhi
Dr Mayuri Jain Clinic, Delhi
Dr.j Girishma
Dermatologist
6 Years • MBBS MD DERMATOLOGY
Bengaluru
Apollo Medical Center, Marathahalli, Bengaluru
Dr Ekansh Shekhar
Dermatologist
10 Years • MBBS MD
Lucknow
Apollo Clinic Hazratganj, Lucknow
Dr. Madhab Datta
Dermatologist
5 Years • MBBS, MD (DVL)
Kolkata
Dr. Madhab Datta's Clinic, Kolkata
Consult a Dermatologist for the best advice
Dr. Kavitha Killaparthy
Dermatologist
23 Years • MBBS,DIPLOMA(DERMATOLOGY,VENEREOLOGY,LEPROSY)
Hyderabad
JDS Skin & Hair Clinic, Hyderabad
Dr. Mayuri Jain
Dermatologist
11 Years • MBBS, MD Dermatology , Venereology & Leprosy
Delhi
Dr Mayuri Jain Clinic, Delhi
Dr.j Girishma
Dermatologist
6 Years • MBBS MD DERMATOLOGY
Bengaluru
Apollo Medical Center, Marathahalli, Bengaluru
Dr Ekansh Shekhar
Dermatologist
10 Years • MBBS MD
Lucknow
Apollo Clinic Hazratganj, Lucknow
Dr. Madhab Datta
Dermatologist
5 Years • MBBS, MD (DVL)
Kolkata
Dr. Madhab Datta's Clinic, Kolkata