Brain Tumour Causes and Risk Factors
Discover the causes and risk factors of brain tumours. Know if tumours can be prevented and the myths associated with them.
Written by Dr. Vasanthasree Nair
Reviewed by Dr. Rohinipriyanka Pondugula MBBS
Last updated on 30th Jul, 2025
Introduction
A brain tumour is an abnormal growth of cells in the brain. While not all brain tumours are cancerous (malignant), even non-cancerous (benign) tumours can cause serious health problems if they press on vital brain structures.
Understanding the causes and risk factors of brain tumours can help you stay informed and take preventive steps where possible.
What Causes a Brain Tumour?
The exact cause of most brain tumours is still unknown. However, researchers believe that changes in the DNA of brain cells can lead to uncontrolled growth, forming tumours. These changes can be:
Inherited (Genetic)
Some rare genetic conditions, like Neurofibromatosis, Li-Fraumeni syndrome, or Tuberous Sclerosis, increase the risk.
Acquired (Environmental or Lifestyle Factors)
Exposure to certain chemicals, radiation, or infections may contribute.
Key Risk Factors for Brain Tumours
While anyone can develop a brain tumour, some factors may increase the risk:
1. Age
Brain tumours can occur at any age, but certain types are more common in specific age groups.
Children: Medulloblastomas and gliomas are more frequent.
Adults (40+): Meningiomas and glioblastomas are more likely.
2. Radiation Exposure
High doses of radiation therapy used to treat other cancers can increase the risk of brain tumours later in life.
Frequent exposure to X-rays or CT scans may also play a role, though modern imaging uses very low radiation doses.
3. Family History & Genetic Conditions
Having a close relative with a brain tumour slightly increases the risk.
Rare genetic disorders like Neurofibromatosis and Von Hippel-Lindau disease raise the likelihood of tumour development.
4. Weakened Immune System
People with HIV/AIDS or those taking immunosuppressant drugs after organ transplants have a higher risk of certain brain tumours.
5. Chemical Exposure
Some studies suggest that long-term exposure to pesticides, solvents, or industrial chemicals may increase risk, but more research is needed.
6. Gender
Meningiomas usually benign, are more common in women.
Glioblastomas, aggressive tumours, are more frequent in men.
7. Previous Cancer History
People who have had leukaemia or lymphoma as children may have a slightly higher risk of brain tumours later.
Consult oncologist for Personalised Health Advice
Myths About Brain Tumour Causes
Some people worry that mobile phones, artificial sweeteners, or head injuries cause brain tumours. However:
Mobile Phones
No strong evidence links them to brain tumours, but research continues.
Head Injuries
While severe trauma may cause symptoms, they are not a direct cause of tumours.
Diet & Stress
No proven link exists, but a healthy lifestyle supports overall brain health.
Can Brain Tumours Be Prevented?
Since most brain tumours have no clear cause, prevention is difficult. However, you can reduce risk by:
Avoid unnecessary radiation exposure; only get X-rays/CT scans when medically needed.
Protect yourself from harmful chemicals by using masks/gloves if working with pesticides.
Maintaining a healthy lifestyle balanced diet, regular exercise, and no smoking.
Monitor family history if you have genetic risks, and discuss screening with your doctor.
When to See a Doctor?
If you experience persistent symptoms like:
Severe headaches (worse in the morning)
Seizures
Vision or speech problems
Nausea/vomiting without reason
Personality or memory changes
Final Thoughts
While brain tumours can be frightening, understanding their causes and risk factors helps in early detection and better management. Stay informed, prioritize health check-ups, and seek medical advice if you notice unusual symptoms.
Consult oncologist for Personalised Health Advice
Consult oncologist for Personalised Health Advice
Dr. Tarun Jindal
Uro Oncologist
14 Years • MS (AIIMS, New Delhi), MCh (Gold Medalist), Fellow, VUI, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, USA; Robotic and Laparoscopic surgeon
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