Lung Cancer Testing and Diagnosis Guide
Know about lung cancer, what are common symptoms are, who is at risk and how the diagnosis is made. Learn about prevention and how to detect it early.
Lung Cancer Testing and Diagnosis Guide
Introduction
Lung cancer is one of the most common types of cancer worldwide, but early detection can significantly improve treatment outcomes. If you or a loved one are concerned about lung cancer, understanding the testing and diagnosis process can help ease anxiety and ensure timely medical care.
This guide explains the symptoms, risk factors, diagnostic tests, and next steps in a simple and supportive way.
Understanding Lung Cancer
Lung cancer occurs when abnormal cells grow uncontrollably in the lungs, forming tumours that can interfere with breathing and spread to other parts of the body. There are two main types:
1. Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC) – The most common type (about 85% of cases), which grows more slowly.
2. Small Cell Lung Cancer (SCLC) – A faster-growing type that spreads quickly but is less common.
Early detection is crucial because lung cancer often shows symptoms only in later stages.
Consult a Top oncologist for the best advice
Common Symptoms of Lung Cancer
Some people may not experience symptoms in the early stages, but as the disease progresses, the following signs may appear:
- Persistent cough that doesn’t go away or worsens
- Coughing up blood or rust-colored phlegm
- Shortness of breath or wheezing
- Chest pain that worsens with deep breathing, coughing, or laughing
- Unexplained weight loss and loss of appetite
- Fatigue or weakness
- - Recurring infections like bronchitis or pneumonia
If you experience any of these symptoms, especially if you have risk factors, consult a doctor promptly.
Who Is at Risk?
Certain factors increase the likelihood of developing lung cancer:
- Smoking – The leading cause (about 80-90% of cases). Even secondhand smoke exposure raises risk.
- Radon gas exposure – A naturally occurring radioactive gas found in some homes.
- Asbestos & chemical exposure – Common in certain workplaces (e.g., construction, mining).
- Family history – Genetics may play a role.
- Previous lung disease – Conditions like COPD or pulmonary fibrosis increase risk.
- Air pollution – Long-term exposure to polluted air may contribute.
If you fall into any of these categories, regular screenings may be recommended.
How Is Lung Cancer Diagnosed?
If your doctor suspects lung cancer, they may recommend one or more of the following tests:
1. Imaging Tests
- Chest X-ray – The first step to check for abnormal masses.
- CT Scan (Computed Tomography) – Provides detailed images to detect small tumours.
- PET Scan (Positron Emission Tomography) – Helps determine if cancer has spread.
2. Biopsy (Tissue Sample Testing)
- Bronchoscopy – A thin tube with a camera is passed through the mouth/nose to examine the lungs and take tissue samples.
- Needle Biopsy – A needle is inserted through the chest to extract cells from a suspicious area.
- Surgical Biopsy – In rare cases, a small surgery is needed to remove tissue for testing.
3. Sputum Cytology
If you cough up phlegm, it can be examined under a microscope for cancer cells.
4. Blood Tests
While no blood test can diagnose lung cancer, certain markers may indicate abnormalities that require further testing.
Next Steps After Diagnosis
If lung cancer is confirmed, your doctor will determine the stage (how far it has spread) and recommend a treatment plan, which may include:
- Surgery – Removing the tumour if detected early.
- Radiation Therapy – Using high-energy beams to kill cancer cells.
- Chemotherapy – Drugs to destroy cancer cells.
- Immunotherapy/Targeted Therapy – Advanced treatments that help the immune system fight cancer.
Your doctor will guide you based on the cancer type, stage, and overall health.
Tips for Prevention and Early Detection
While not all lung cancers can be prevented, these steps can lower your risk:
- Quit Smoking – The single best way to reduce risk. Seek help if needed.
- Avoid Secondhand Smoke – Stay away from environments with heavy smoke.
- Test Your Home for Radon – Especially if you live in high-risk areas.
- Protect Against Workplace Hazards – Wear masks if exposed to chemicals or dust.
- Eat a Healthy Diet – Fruits, vegetables, and antioxidants support lung health.
- Exercise Regularly – Improves lung function and overall immunity.
Screening for High-Risk Individuals
If you are a long-term smoker (or former smoker) aged 50-80, ask your doctor about low-dose CT scans, which can detect lung cancer early.
When to See a Doctor
Don’t ignore persistent symptoms like a worsening cough, chest pain, or unexplained weight loss. Early diagnosis saves lives.
Final Thoughts
Lung cancer can be overwhelming, but knowing the signs and getting timely tests can make a big difference. If you’re at risk or experiencing symptoms, don’t delay—reach out to a healthcare provider today.
Consult a Top oncologist for the best advice
Consult a Top oncologist for the best advice
Dr. Tarun Jindal
Uro Oncologist
14 Years • MS (AIIMS, New Delhi), MCh (Gold Medalist), Fellow, VUI, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, USA; Robotic and Laparoscopic surgeon
Kolkata
Apollo Multispeciality Hospitals , Kolkata, Kolkata
(100+ Patients)
Dr. Sandeep Muzumder
Radiation Specialist Oncologist
21 Years • MBBS (JIPMER, Pondicherry), MD (AIIMS, New Delhi)
Bhubaneswar
Apollo Hospitals Old Sainik School Road, Bhubaneswar
Dr Nikhil Suresh Ghadyalpatil
Oncologist
18 Years • MBBS, MD (G. Med), DNB (G.Med), MNAMS DM (Medical Oncology - Tata Memorial Hospital) European Certification In Medical Oncology (ECMO) MRCP (Med Onco SCE), PDCR
Hyderabad
Apollo Hospitals Jubilee Hills, Hyderabad
Dr. Raja T
Oncologist
20 Years • MBBS; MD; DM
Chennai
Apollo Hospitals Greams Road, Chennai
(150+ Patients)
Dr. Ruquaya Ahmad Mir
Surgical Oncologist
20 Years • MBBS, DNB
Delhi
Apollo Hospitals Indraprastha, Delhi
(25+ Patients)
