Radiation Before Mastectomy
Understand the role of radiation before mastectomy in breast cancer treatment. Learn how preoperative radiation can shrink tumours, improve surgical outcomes, and enhance long-term recovery.
Written by Dr.Sonia Bhatt
Last updated on 14th Jul, 2025
Introduction
Facing a mastectomy (surgery to remove one or both breasts) can be overwhelming, especially when radiation therapy is recommended before the procedure. If your doctor has suggested radiation before mastectomy, you likely have many questions. This article will help you understand why radiation may be needed, what to expect, and how to prepare for the best possible outcome.
Why Is Radiation Needed Before Mastectomy?
Radiation therapy uses high-energy rays to destroy cancer cells or shrink tumours. While radiation is often given after surgery to eliminate any remaining cancer cells, in some cases, doctors recommend it before mastectomy. Here’s why:
1. To Shrink Large Tumours: If the tumour is too big to remove easily, radiation (sometimes combined with chemotherapy) can reduce its size, making surgery safer and more effective.
2. To Improve Surgical Outcomes: Smaller tumours may allow for breast-conserving surgery (lumpectomy) instead of a full mastectomy.
3. To Treat Aggressive Cancers: Some fast-growing cancers respond better when radiation is given before surgery.
What to Expect During Radiation Before Mastectomy?
Here’s what to expect during radiation before mastectomy:
1. Consultation & Planning
Your radiation oncologist will discuss the treatment plan, including the number of sessions and possible side effects.
A simulation session may be done to map the exact area needing radiation.
2. Treatment Sessions
Radiation is usually given daily (Monday to Friday) for 3 to 6 weeks, depending on your case.
Each session is quick (about 10-15 minutes) and painless, much like an X-ray.
3. Side Effects & How to Manage Them
Radiation can cause temporary side effects, including:
Skin changes (redness, dryness, or peeling): Use gentle, fragrance-free moisturisers.
Fatigue: Rest when needed and maintain light activity like walking.
Breast swelling or tenderness: Wear loose, comfortable clothing.
Most side effects improve within a few weeks after treatment ends.
Preparing for Mastectomy After Radiation
Once radiation is complete, your surgeon will schedule the mastectomy. Here’s how you can prepare:
Follow Pre-Surgery Instructions: Your doctor may advise stopping certain medications or fasting before surgery.
Arrange Support: Recovery takes time, so plan for help at home.
Discuss Reconstruction Options: If you’re considering breast reconstruction, talk to your surgeon about timing (immediate or delayed).
Lifestyle Tips for Recovery
Some of the lifestyle tips for recovery are:
Eat a Balanced Diet: Focus on protein, fruits, and vegetables to help healing.
Stay Hydrated: Drink plenty of water to flush out toxins.
Gentle Exercise: Walking can improve circulation and reduce fatigue.
Emotional Support: Consider joining a support group or speaking with a counsellor.
When to Seek Help?
Contact your doctor if you experience:
Severe skin burns or infections.
Persistent pain or unusual swelling.
Fever or signs of infection after surgery.
Conclusion
Radiation before mastectomy can be a crucial step in treating breast cancer effectively. While the process may seem daunting, knowing what to expect can ease anxiety. Always discuss your concerns with your medical team. They are there to support you every step of the way.
Consult Top Breast Surgeon
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