Understanding Neuroendocrine Tumors and Their Symptoms
Gain a comprehensive understanding of Neuroendocrine Tumors (NETs), their varied symptoms, and how they affect the body. Learn about the diverse ways these rare tumors can manifest and the importance of early detection for effective management.
Written by Dr. J T Hema Pratima
Reviewed by Dr. D Bhanu Prakash MBBS, AFIH, Advanced certificate in critical care medicine, Fellowship in critical care medicine
Last updated on 7th Aug, 2025
Neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) are a rare type of cancer that develops in the neuroendocrine cells—specialized cells that act like a bridge between the nervous system and the endocrine (hormone-producing) system. These tumors can occur anywhere in the body but are most commonly found in the lungs, pancreas, intestines, or appendix.
While NETs are uncommon, they can affect people of any age. The good news is that many grow slowly and can be managed effectively with early detection and treatment. However, because symptoms can be vague or mimic other conditions, they are often diagnosed late.
This article will help you understand neuroendocrine tumors, their symptoms, causes, and management options in simple terms.
What Are Neuroendocrine Tumors?
Neuroendocrine cells are found throughout the body and help regulate various functions by releasing hormones. When these cells grow abnormally, they form tumors—some benign (noncancerous) and others malignant (cancerous).
NETs can be:
Functioning tumors – Produce excess hormones, leading to noticeable symptoms.
Nonfunctioning tumors – Do not release hormones, making them harder to detect until they grow large or spread.
Common Symptoms of Neuroendocrine Tumors
Symptoms vary depending on the tumor’s location and whether it produces hormones. Some common signs include:
For Functioning NETs (Hormone-Producing Tumors)
Flushing – Sudden redness and warmth in the face and neck.
Diarrhea – Frequent, watery stools that don’t improve with usual treatments.
Wheezing or shortness of breath – Due to lung related NETs.
Low blood sugar (hypoglycemia) – Causing dizziness, sweating, and confusion (common in pancreatic NETs).
Heart palpitations – Fast or irregular heartbeat.
Unintended weight loss – Despite normal eating habits.
For Non-Functioning NETs
Abdominal pain or discomfort – Often mistaken for indigestion or IBS.
A lump or mass – Felt in the abdomen.
Jaundice (yellowing of skin/eyes) – If the tumor blocks bile ducts.
Fatigue and weakness – Due to tumor growth affecting organ function.
Since these symptoms overlap with many common conditions, NETs are often misdiagnosed as irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), asthma, or menopause. If you experience persistent or unusual symptoms, consult a doctor for further evaluation.
Consult Top General Physician For A Personalised Tips
What Causes Neuroendocrine Tumors?
The exact cause of NETs is unknown, but certain risk factors may increase the likelihood:
Genetic conditions – Such as Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia Type 1 (MEN1) or Neurofibromatosis.
Family history – Having a relative with NETs may slightly increase risk.
Age – More common in adults over 50, but can occur at any age.
How Are NETs Diagnosed?
If your doctor suspects a NET, they may recommend:
Blood and urine tests – To check hormone levels.
Imaging tests – CT scans, MRIs, or PET scans to locate the tumor.
Biopsy – Removing a small tissue sample for lab testing.
Endoscopy/colonoscopy – For tumors in the digestive tract.
Early diagnosis improves treatment success, so don’t ignore persistent symptoms.
Treatment and Management Options
Treatment depends on the tumor’s size, location, and whether it has spread. Options include:
Surgery – Removing the tumor if possible.
Medications – To control hormone-related symptoms.
Radiation or chemotherapy – For aggressive or advanced tumors.
Targeted therapy – Drugs that attack specific cancer cells.
Lifestyle and Dietary Tips
Eat small, frequent meals – Helps manage diarrhea and blood sugar fluctuations.
Avoid trigger foods – Spicy foods, alcohol, and caffeine may worsen flushing or diarrhea.
Stay hydrated – Especially if experiencing frequent diarrhea.
Monitor blood sugar – If you have pancreatic NETs causing hypoglycemia.
Regular follow ups – Essential for monitoring tumor growth and treatment response.
When to See a Doctor?
If you experience:
Persistent diarrhea or flushing
Unexplained weight loss
Severe abdominal pain
Recurrent low blood sugar episodes
…consult a specialist. Early detection can make a big difference in managing NETs effectively.
Need Help?
If you suspect symptoms of a neuroendocrine tumor, Apollo24|7 offers expert consultations and diagnostic tests. You can easily book an appointment online for personalized care.
Final Thoughts
Neuroendocrine tumors may be rare, but awareness of their symptoms can lead to early diagnosis and better outcomes. If you or a loved one has persistent, unexplained symptoms, don’t hesitate to seek medical advice. With the right treatment and lifestyle adjustments, many people with NETs continue to lead fulfilling lives.
Stay informed, stay proactive, and take charge of your health!
Consult Top General Physician
Consult Top General Physician For A Personalised Tips
Dr. Syed Ismail Ali
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Consult Top General Physician
Dr. Syed Ismail Ali
General Practitioner
7 Years • MBBS
Hyderabad
Apollo 24|7 Clinic, Hyderabad
Dr. Anand Ravi
General Physician
2 Years • MBBS
Bengaluru
PRESTIGE SHANTHINIKETAN - SOCIETY CLINIC, Bengaluru
Dr Syed Mateen Pasha
General Physician
2 Years • MBBS
Bengaluru
PRESTIGE SHANTHINIKETAN - SOCIETY CLINIC, Bengaluru
Dr. Sandhya Chandel
General Physician/ Internal Medicine Specialist
16 Years • MBBS, MD (Int. Med.), IDCCM
Bilaspur
Apollo Hospitals Seepat Road, Bilaspur
(100+ Patients)
Dr. Mohamed Azeem
General Physician/ Internal Medicine Specialist
2 Years • MBBS,MD(Internal Medicine) CCEBDM
Karaikudi
Apollo Hospitals Karaikudi, Karaikudi
