Liver Cancer Overview and Treatment Options
Know about the liver cancer, causes, symptoms and diagnosis. Learn about the treatment options, lifestyle tips and dietary tips for healthy liver.
Written by Dr. Md Yusuf Shareef
Reviewed by Dr. Rohinipriyanka Pondugula MBBS
Last updated on 25th Aug, 2025
Introduction
Liver cancer is a serious health condition that affects thousands of people every year. If you or a loved one has been diagnosed with liver cancer, it’s natural to feel overwhelmed. However, understanding the disease, its symptoms, causes, and treatment options can help you make informed decisions about your health.
This article provides a simple and compassionate guide to liver cancer, including ways to manage it and the latest treatment options available.
What is Liver Cancer?
Liver cancer occurs when abnormal cells in the liver grow uncontrollably, forming a tumour. The liver is a vital organ responsible for filtering toxins, aiding digestion, and storing energy. When cancer develops, it can disrupt these essential functions.
There are two main types of liver cancer:
- Primary Liver Cancer – Begins in the liver itself (most common type is hepatocellular carcinoma).
- Secondary (Metastatic) Liver Cancer – Spreads to the liver from another part of the body.
Consult General Practitioner for Personalised Advice
Symptoms of Liver Cancer
Early-stage liver cancer may not show noticeable symptoms. However, as the disease progresses, the following signs may appear:
- Unexplained weight loss
- Loss of appetite
- Pain or swelling in the upper right abdomen
- Nausea and vomiting
- Yellowing of the skin and eyes (jaundice)
- Fatigue and weakness
- Dark-colored urine and pale stools
If you experience any of these symptoms persistently, consult a doctor for further evaluation.
Causes and Risk Factors
While the exact cause of liver cancer is not always clear, certain factors increase the risk:
- Chronic Hepatitis B or C infection – These viral infections can lead to liver damage and cancer.
- Cirrhosis – Scarring of the liver due to long-term damage (often from alcohol abuse or fatty liver disease).
- Excessive Alcohol Consumption – Heavy drinking over many years can damage the liver.
- Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) – Linked to obesity and diabetes.
- Exposure to Aflatoxins – Harmful substances produced by mold on improperly stored grains and nuts.
- Family History – A genetic predisposition may increase risk.
Diagnosis of Liver Cancer
If liver cancer is suspected, doctors may recommend the following tests:
- Blood Tests – To check liver function and detect tumour markers (like AFP).
- Imaging Tests – Ultrasound, CT scan, or MRI to visualise the liver.
- Biopsy – A small tissue sample is taken to confirm cancer.
- Laparoscopy – A minimally invasive procedure to examine the liver.
Early detection improves treatment success, so regular check-ups are crucial for high-risk individuals.
Member priceTreatment Options for Liver Cancer
Treatment depends on the cancer stage, overall health, and liver function. Common options include:
1. Surgery
- Partial Hepatectomy – Removal of the tumour and part of the liver (if the remaining liver is healthy).
- Liver Transplant – Replacing the diseased liver with a healthy donor liver (suitable for early-stage cancer).
2. Localised Treatments
- Ablation Therapy – Destroying tumours using heat, cold, or ethanol injections.
- Embolisation – Blocking the blood supply to the tumour to shrink it.
3. Radiation Therapy
- High-energy rays target and kill cancer cells while sparing healthy tissue.
4. Targeted Drug Therapy
- Medications like sorafenib and lenvatinib attack specific cancer cell weaknesses.
5. Immunotherapy
- Boosts the immune system to fight cancer cells (e.g., atezolizumab + bevacizumab).
6. Chemotherapy
- Used in advanced cases, though less effective for liver cancer compared to other treatments.
Your doctor will recommend the best approach based on your condition.
Lifestyle and Dietary Tips for Liver Health
While treatment is essential, lifestyle changes can support liver health:
- Eat a Balanced Diet – Include fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and lean proteins. Avoid processed foods.
- Limit Alcohol – Reducing or eliminating alcohol helps prevent further liver damage.
- Exercise Regularly – Helps maintain a healthy weight and reduces fatty liver risk.
- Stay Hydrated – Water helps flush out toxins.
- Avoid Unnecessary Medications – Some drugs can harm the liver; consult your doctor before taking supplements.
When to Seek Medical Help?
If you have risk factors (like hepatitis, cirrhosis, or a family history of liver disease), regular screenings are important. Early diagnosis leads to better outcomes.
Final Thoughts
Liver cancer can be challenging, but advances in treatment offer hope. Staying informed, following medical advice, and adopting a healthy lifestyle can make a significant difference.
Consult General Practitioner for Personalised Advice
Consult General Practitioner for Personalised Advice
Dr. Mainak Baksi
General Practitioner
13 Years • MBBS , MD (MPH)
Howrah
Mainak Baksi Clinic, Howrah
(50+ Patients)
Dr. Rajib Ghose
General Practitioner
25 Years • MBBS
East Midnapore
VIVEKANANDA SEBA SADAN, East Midnapore
Dr. Vandana Malik
General Practitioner
8 Years • MBBS, FAM
Noida
Skinlogics Clinic, Noida
Dr. Minakshi Dutta
General Practitioner
37 Years • MBBS
Bengaluru
Trini Healthcare Clinic | Healing, Health & Happiness, Bengaluru
Dr. Deeptangshu Ganguly
General Practitioner
12 Years • MBBS , MD (Pharmacology)
Raniganj
The Polyclinic and Pharmacy, Raniganj
Consult General Practitioner for Personalised Advice
Dr. Mainak Baksi
General Practitioner
13 Years • MBBS , MD (MPH)
Howrah
Mainak Baksi Clinic, Howrah
(50+ Patients)
Dr. Rajib Ghose
General Practitioner
25 Years • MBBS
East Midnapore
VIVEKANANDA SEBA SADAN, East Midnapore
Dr. Vandana Malik
General Practitioner
8 Years • MBBS, FAM
Noida
Skinlogics Clinic, Noida
Dr. Minakshi Dutta
General Practitioner
37 Years • MBBS
Bengaluru
Trini Healthcare Clinic | Healing, Health & Happiness, Bengaluru
Dr. Deeptangshu Ganguly
General Practitioner
12 Years • MBBS , MD (Pharmacology)
Raniganj
The Polyclinic and Pharmacy, Raniganj
