Sebaceous Cysts: Symptoms, Causes and Treatment
Know about the sebaceous cysts, symptoms, risks, causes, diagnosis and treatment options. Learn about the prevention of sebaceous cysts.
Written by Dr. J T Hema Pratima
Reviewed by Dr. Dhankecha Mayank Dineshbhai MBBS
Last updated on 2nd Sep, 2025
Introduction
If you’ve ever noticed a small, painless lump under your skin, you might have wondered what it is. One common possibility is a sebaceous cyst. While these cysts are usually harmless, they can sometimes cause discomfort or become infected.
In this article, we’ll explain what sebaceous cysts are, their symptoms, causes, and treatment options so you can understand them better and know when to seek help.
What Is a Sebaceous Cyst?
A sebaceous cyst is a small, closed sac that forms under the skin, usually filled with a thick, oily, or cheesy material called sebum. These cysts develop from sebaceous glands, which produce oil (sebum) to lubricate the skin and hair.
Sebaceous cysts are non-cancerous and often appear on the:
Face
Neck
Back
Scalp
Genital area
They can vary in size, from tiny (pea-sized) to larger (several centimetres).
Consult a Gynaecologist for Personalised Advice
Symptoms of a Sebaceous Cyst
Most sebaceous cysts are painless and grow slowly. However, you may notice:
A round, movable lump under the skin
A small dark spot (punctum) on top of the cyst
A yellowish, thick, foul-smelling discharge if the cyst ruptures
Redness, swelling, or tenderness if the cyst becomes infected
If you experience pain, rapid growth, or signs of infection (such as fever or pus), it’s best to see a doctor.
What Causes Sebaceous Cysts?
The exact cause isn’t always clear, but they often form when:
Sebaceous glands get blocked due to skin trauma, acne, or excessive oil production.
Hair follicles are damaged (e.g., from shaving, surgery, or skin conditions).
Genetic conditions (like Gardner syndrome) increase cyst formation.
Sebaceous cysts are not contagious and do not spread from person to person.
How Are Sebaceous Cysts Diagnosed?
A doctor can usually diagnose a sebaceous cyst by examining it. In rare cases, they may recommend:
Ultrasound or biopsy to rule out other conditions (like lipomas or tumours).
Culture test if the cyst is infected.
Treatment Options for Sebaceous Cysts
Most sebaceous cysts do not need treatment unless they cause discomfort or become infected. Here are the common treatment options:
1. Home Care (For Small, Painless Cysts)
Warm compress: Applying a warm, damp cloth can help reduce swelling and encourage drainage.
Avoid squeezing: Popping the cyst at home can lead to infection.
2. Medical Treatment
Incision & Drainage: If infected, a doctor may drain the cyst and prescribe antibiotics.
Steroid Injections: To reduce inflammation.
Surgical Removal: If the cyst keeps coming back, a doctor may remove it entirely under local anaesthesia.
3. When to See a Doctor?
Consult a doctor if:
The cyst is painful, red, or growing rapidly.
It ruptures and doesn’t heal.
You notice signs of infection (pus, fever).
Can You Prevent Sebaceous Cysts?
While not all cysts can be prevented, these steps may help:
Keep skin clean to avoid clogged pores.
Avoid excessive squeezing of pimples or cysts.
Use gentle skincare products if you have oily skin.
Final Thoughts
Sebaceous cysts are common and usually harmless, but they can sometimes become bothersome or infected. If you notice a persistent or painful lump, it’s best to get it checked by a doctor.
Consult a Gynaecologist for Personalised Advice
Consult a Gynaecologist for Personalised Advice
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