Symptoms of Cardiovascular Disease Explained
Know about the common symptoms of cardiovascular disease, such as chest pain, shortness of breath, fatigue, and irregular heartbeat. Learn about its causes, tips to improve heart health and when to seek medical help for timely intervention.
Written by Dr. Mohammed Kamran
Reviewed by Dr. Shaik Abdul Kalam MD (Physician)
Last updated on 21st Aug, 2025
Introduction
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a term that refers to various conditions affecting the heart and blood vessels. It is one of the leading causes of health problems worldwide. Recognizing the symptoms early can help in timely diagnosis and treatment, reducing the risk of serious complications like heart attacks or strokes.
In this article, we’ll explain the common symptoms of cardiovascular disease in simple terms, along with causes, risk factors, and tips to manage heart health.
Common Symptoms of Cardiovascular Disease
The symptoms of CVD can vary depending on the specific condition, but here are some of the most common signs to watch for:
1. Chest Pain or Discomfort (Angina)
- What it feels like: A squeezing, tightness, pressure, or burning sensation in the chest.
- When it happens: Often during physical activity or stress, but can also occur at rest in severe cases.
- Why it happens: Reduced blood flow to the heart muscle due to narrowed or blocked arteries.
2. Shortness of Breath
- What it feels like: Difficulty breathing, especially during exertion or while lying down.
- Why it happens: The heart struggles to pump blood efficiently, leading to fluid buildup in the lungs.
3. Fatigue and Weakness
- What it feels like: Unusual tiredness, even after minimal activity.
- Why it happens: The heart isn’t pumping enough oxygen-rich blood to meet the body’s needs.
4. Palpitations (Irregular Heartbeat)
- What it feels like: A racing, fluttering, or pounding heartbeat.
- Why it happens: Electrical disturbances in the heart can cause arrhythmias (abnormal heart rhythms).
5. Swelling in Legs, Ankles, or Feet (Edema)
- What it looks like: Puffiness or fluid retention in the lower limbs.
- Why it happens: Poor circulation or heart failure can cause fluid buildup in tissues.
6. Dizziness or Fainting
- What it feels like: Lightheadedness or sudden loss of consciousness.
- Why it happens: Low blood pressure or irregular heart rhythms reduce blood flow to the brain.
7. Pain in the Arms, Neck, Jaw, or Back
- What it feels like: Aching or discomfort that may spread from the chest.
- Why it happens: Reduced blood flow can cause referred pain in these areas.
8. Cold Sweats or Nausea
- What it feels like: Sudden sweating, clammy skin, or feeling sick to the stomach.
- Why it happens: Often a warning sign of a heart attack.
If you or someone you know experiences these symptoms, especially chest pain, shortness of breath, or fainting, seek medical help immediately.
Consult a Top Heart Specialist for the best advice
What Causes Cardiovascular Disease?
Several factors contribute to the development of CVD, including:
- High blood pressure (Hypertension) – Puts extra strain on the heart and arteries.
- High cholesterol – Leads to plaque buildup in arteries, narrowing them.
- Smoking – Damages blood vessels and reduces oxygen in the blood.
- Diabetes – Increases the risk of artery damage and heart disease.
- Obesity – Excess weight strains the heart and worsens other risk factors.
- Lack of exercise – Weakens the heart and circulation over time.
- Family history – Genetics can play a role in heart disease risk.
- Stress and poor sleep – Contribute to high blood pressure and inflammation.
How to Improve Heart Health
While some risk factors (like genetics) can’t be changed, many lifestyle adjustments can significantly reduce the risk of CVD:
1. Eat a Heart-Healthy Diet
- Include fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and lean proteins.
- Reduce salt, sugar, and unhealthy fats (fried foods, processed snacks).
- Choose healthy fats like nuts, seeds, and olive oil.
2. Stay Active
- Aim for at least 30 minutes of moderate exercise (walking, swimming, cycling) most days.
- Even small activities like taking the stairs help!
3. Quit Smoking and Limit Alcohol
- Smoking is a major risk; quitting improves heart health quickly.
- Drink alcohol in moderation (if at all).
4. Manage Stress
- Practice relaxation techniques like deep breathing, meditation, or yoga.
- Get enough sleep (7-9 hours per night).
5. Regular Health Check-ups
- Monitor blood pressure, cholesterol, and blood sugar levels.
- Follow your doctor’s advice if you have conditions like diabetes or hypertension.
When to See a Doctor
If you experience any of the symptoms mentioned, especially chest pain, severe shortness of breath, or fainting, seek emergency care. For ongoing concerns or risk factors, consult a doctor for a heart health evaluation.
Final Thoughts
Cardiovascular disease is serious, but recognizing the symptoms early and making healthy lifestyle changes can greatly improve heart health. Listen to your body, stay proactive, and don’t hesitate to seek medical advice if something feels off.Consult a Top Heart Specialist for the best advice
Consult a Top Heart Specialist for the best advice
Dr. Sushith C
General Physician
2 Years • MBBS
Bengaluru
PRESTIGE SHANTHINIKETAN - SOCIETY CLINIC, Bengaluru
Dr. Bhethala Sharan Prakash
General Physician/ Internal Medicine Specialist
5 Years • MBBS MD
Bengaluru
PRESTIGE SHANTHINIKETAN - SOCIETY CLINIC, Bengaluru
Dr. Anand Ravi
General Physician
2 Years • MBBS
Bengaluru
PRESTIGE SHANTHINIKETAN - SOCIETY CLINIC, Bengaluru
Dr. Tripti Deb
Cardiologist
40 Years • MBBS, MD, DM, FACC, FESC
Hyderabad
Apollo Hospitals Jubilee Hills, Hyderabad
Dr. Ramalinga Reddy
General Physician
5 Years • MBBS MD General medicine
Bengaluru
PRESTIGE SHANTHINIKETAN - SOCIETY CLINIC, Bengaluru
Consult a Top Heart Specialist for the best advice
Dr. Sushith C
General Physician
2 Years • MBBS
Bengaluru
PRESTIGE SHANTHINIKETAN - SOCIETY CLINIC, Bengaluru
Dr. Bhethala Sharan Prakash
General Physician/ Internal Medicine Specialist
5 Years • MBBS MD
Bengaluru
PRESTIGE SHANTHINIKETAN - SOCIETY CLINIC, Bengaluru
Dr. Anand Ravi
General Physician
2 Years • MBBS
Bengaluru
PRESTIGE SHANTHINIKETAN - SOCIETY CLINIC, Bengaluru
Dr. Tripti Deb
Cardiologist
40 Years • MBBS, MD, DM, FACC, FESC
Hyderabad
Apollo Hospitals Jubilee Hills, Hyderabad
Dr. Ramalinga Reddy
General Physician
5 Years • MBBS MD General medicine
Bengaluru
PRESTIGE SHANTHINIKETAN - SOCIETY CLINIC, Bengaluru
