Cervical Cancer Causes Explained
Understand the primary causes of cervical cancer, focusing on the crucial role of Human Papillomavirus (HPV) infection. Learn about other contributing risk factors and how this knowledge empowers prevention strategies and early detection for women's health.
Cervical cancer is a serious health concern for women, but understanding its causes can help in prevention and early detection. If you or someone you know is worried about cervical cancer, this article will explain the key causes, risk factors, and steps you can take to protect yourself.
What Is Cervical Cancer?
Cervical cancer occurs when abnormal cells grow uncontrollably in the cervix—the lower part of the uterus that connects to the vagina. It is one of the most common cancers affecting women, but the good news is that it is largely preventable with proper screening and vaccination.
Main Causes of Cervical Cancer
The primary cause of cervical cancer is a persistent infection with highrisk types of the Human Papillomavirus (HPV). However, not all HPV infections lead to cancer. Other factors can increase the risk. Let’s break them down:
1. HPV Infection (Human Papillomavirus)
- HPV is a sexually transmitted virus, and certain high-risk strains (especially HPV16 and HPV18) can cause cervical cancer.
- Most sexually active women will get HPV at some point, but their immune system usually clears it naturally.
- If the infection persists for years, it can lead to abnormal cell changes in the cervix, increasing cancer risk.
2. Weakened Immune System
- Women with weakened immune systems (due to HIV, organ transplants, or longterm steroid use) are at higher risk because their bodies struggle to fight HPV.
3. Smoking
- Smoking increases the risk of cervical cancer because harmful chemicals weaken cervical cells and make HPV infections more likely to turn into cancer.
4. Long-Term Use of Birth Control Pills
- Women who have used oral contraceptives for five or more years may have a slightly higher risk, though the exact reason is unclear.
5. Multiple Pregnancies
- Women who have had three or more fullterm pregnancies may have an increased risk, possibly due to hormonal changes or increased exposure to HPV.
6. Family History
- A family history of cervical cancer may slightly increase risk, suggesting a possible genetic link.
7. Poor Diet and Lack of Essential Nutrients
- A diet low in fruits and vegetables may weaken the immune system, making it harder to fight HPV infections.
8. Early Sexual Activity & Multiple Sexual Partners
- Early sexual activity (before age 18) and having multiple sexual partners increase exposure to HPV.
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How Does Cervical Cancer Affect Health?
If left untreated, cervical cancer can spread to nearby tissues like the bladder, rectum, or even distant organs like the lungs and liver. Early-stage cervical cancer may not cause symptoms, but as it progresses, women may experience:
- Abnormal vaginal bleeding (after sex, between periods, or after menopause)
- Unusual vaginal discharge (watery, bloody, or foulsmelling)
- Pelvic pain or pain during sex
How Can You Reduce Your Risk?
Ways to reduce your risk:
1. Get Vaccinated Against HPV
The HPV vaccine (like Gardasil or Cervarix) protects against highrisk HPV strains. It is most effective when given before sexual activity begins (recommended for girls and boys aged 926).
2. Regular Pap Smear Tests
A Pap test (or Pap smear) checks for abnormal cervical cells before they turn cancerous.
Women aged 2165 should get regular screenings as per their doctor’s advice.
3. Practice Safe Sex
Using condoms reduces HPV exposure, though they do not provide complete protection.
4. Quit Smoking
Quitting smoking improves overall health and lowers cervical cancer risk.
5. Eat a Healthy Diet
A diet rich in fruits, vegetables, and antioxidants supports immune function.
6. Limit LongTerm Birth Control Use
If you’ve been on birth control pills for years, discuss alternative options with your doctor.
When Should You See a Doctor?
If you experience any unusual symptoms like abnormal bleeding or pelvic pain, consult a doctor immediately. Early detection saves lives!
Book a Cervical Cancer Screening Today
Regular check ups are crucial for prevention. If you’re due for a Pap test or HPV vaccination, you can easily schedule an appointment with Apollo 24|7 for expert care and guidance.
Final Thoughts
Cervical cancer is largely preventable with vaccination, regular screenings, and healthy lifestyle choices. By understanding the causes and taking proactive steps, you can significantly reduce your risk. If you have concerns, don’t hesitate to reach out to a healthcare provider—your health matters!
Stay informed, stay protected.
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Consult Top Physician
Dr. Mohamed Azeem
General Physician/ Internal Medicine Specialist
2 Years • MBBS,MD(Internal Medicine) CCEBDM
Karaikudi
Apollo Hospitals Karaikudi, Karaikudi
Dr. Swathi Reddy Perugu
General Physician/ Internal Medicine Specialist
7 Years • MBBS, MD (General Medicine)
Hyderabad
Health plus, Hyderabad
Dr. Chethan T L
General Physician/ Internal Medicine Specialist
5 Years • MBBS, MD, DNB (General Medicine)
Bengaluru
Apollo Medical Center, Marathahalli, Bengaluru
Dr. Rohinipriyanka Reddy
General Practitioner
9 Years • MBBS
Hyderabad
Apollo 24|7 Clinic, Hyderabad
Dr. Dhankecha Mayank
General Practitioner
6 Years • MBBS
Gujarat
Apollo 24|7 Virtual Clinic - Gujarat, Gujarat
Consult Top Physician
Dr. Mohamed Azeem
General Physician/ Internal Medicine Specialist
2 Years • MBBS,MD(Internal Medicine) CCEBDM
Karaikudi
Apollo Hospitals Karaikudi, Karaikudi
Dr. Swathi Reddy Perugu
General Physician/ Internal Medicine Specialist
7 Years • MBBS, MD (General Medicine)
Hyderabad
Health plus, Hyderabad
Dr. Chethan T L
General Physician/ Internal Medicine Specialist
5 Years • MBBS, MD, DNB (General Medicine)
Bengaluru
Apollo Medical Center, Marathahalli, Bengaluru
Dr. Rohinipriyanka Reddy
General Practitioner
9 Years • MBBS
Hyderabad
Apollo 24|7 Clinic, Hyderabad
Dr. Dhankecha Mayank
General Practitioner
6 Years • MBBS
Gujarat
Apollo 24|7 Virtual Clinic - Gujarat, Gujarat
