Understanding Bowel Cancer
Understand bowel cancer, its symptoms, causes, and risk factors. Learn about diagnosis, treatment options, and the importance of early detection for better outcomes.
Written by Dr. D Bhanu Prakash
Reviewed by Dr. Shaik Abdul Kalam MD (Physician)
Last updated on 1st Sep, 2025
Introduction
Bowel cancer, also known as colorectal cancer, is a condition that affects the large intestine (colon) or rectum. While the term "cancer" can be scary, understanding the disease, its symptoms, causes, and treatment options can help you take control of your health. This guide is designed to provide clear, compassionate information to help you or your loved ones navigate bowel cancer with confidence.
What Is Bowel Cancer?
Bowel cancer occurs when abnormal cells grow uncontrollably in the colon or rectum. These cells can form tumors and, if left untreated, may spread to other parts of the body. The good news is that when detected early, bowel cancer is highly treatable.
Consult an Oncologist for the best advice
Common Symptoms of Bowel Cancer
Being aware of the signs can help in early detection. Some common symptoms include:
- Changes in bowel habits – Persistent diarrhoea or constipation.
- Blood in stool – Bright red or very dark blood.
- Abdominal discomfort – Cramps, bloating, or pain.
- Unexplained weight loss – Losing weight without trying.
- Fatigue or weakness – Due to blood loss leading to anemia.
- Feeling of incomplete bowel emptying – As if you still need to go after using the toilet.
If you experience any of these symptoms for more than a few weeks, it’s important to consult a doctor.
What Causes Bowel Cancer?
While the exact cause is not always clear, certain factors increase the risk:
- Age – Most cases occur in people over 50.
- Family history – Having a close relative with bowel cancer raises risk.
- Diet – Low fibre, high processed meat, and excessive red meat consumption.
- Lifestyle factors – Smoking, heavy alcohol use, and lack of exercise.
- Medical conditions – Inflammatory bowel diseases (like Crohn’s or ulcerative colitis).
How Is Bowel Cancer Diagnosed?
If your doctor suspects bowel cancer, they may recommend:
1. Colonoscopy – A thin tube with a camera examines the colon.
2. Stool tests – Check for hidden blood or DNA changes.
3. Imaging tests – CT scans or MRIs to see if cancer has spread.
Early detection through screening (even without symptoms) can save lives.
Member priceTreatment Options
Treatment depends on the stage and location of cancer but may include:
- Surgery – Removing the tumour (common in early stages).
- Chemotherapy – Drugs to kill cancer cells.
- Radiation therapy – For rectal cancer, often combined with chemo.
- Targeted therapy & immunotherapy – Advanced treatments for certain cases.
Your doctor will create a personalized plan based on your needs.
How Can You Reduce Your Risk?
While not all cases are preventable, these steps can help lower risk:
- Eat a fibre-rich diet – Fruits, vegetables, and whole grains support gut health.
- Limit processed and red meat – Opt for lean proteins like fish and poultry.
- Stay active – Regular exercise helps maintain a healthy digestive system.
- Avoid smoking and excessive alcohol – Both increase cancer risk.
- Get screened regularly – Especially if you’re over 50 or have risk factors.
When to See a Doctor
You should see a doctor if you notice persistent symptoms such as:
- Blood in the stool
- Unexplained weight loss
- Changes in bowel habits
- Abdominal pain
- Fatigue
Don’t ignore persistent symptoms. Early diagnosis improves outcomes.
Final Thoughts
Bowel cancer can be daunting, but knowledge and early action make a huge difference. By recognizing symptoms, adopting a healthy lifestyle, and staying proactive with screenings, you can protect your health. Remember, you’re not alone; medical professionals are here to support you every step of the way.
Consult an Oncologist for the best advice
Consult an Oncologist for the best advice
Dr. Harsh J Shah
Surgical Oncologist
15 Years • MS, MCh (GI), DrNB (GI)
Ahmedabad
Apollo Hospitals Gandhinagar, Ahmedabad
Dr Devashish Tripathi
Radiation Specialist Oncologist
20 Years • MBBS, PLAB, MRCP (UK)- General Medicine, FRCR (Oncology), Certificate of Completion of Training (CCT)- Clinical Oncology
Delhi
Apollo Hospitals Indraprastha, Delhi
Dr. Gopal Kumar
Head, Neck and Thyroid Cancer Surgeon
15 Years • MBBS, MS , FARHNS ( Seoul, South Korea ), FGOLF ( MSKCC, New York )
Delhi
Apollo Hospitals Indraprastha, Delhi
(25+ Patients)
Dr Sunita Samleti
Oncologist
18 Years • M.D. (Pathology)- TN Medical College, Mumbai University, Mumbai, Mar 2005 M.B.B.S. Grant Medical College, Mumbai University, Mumbai, Oct 1999
Chinagadila
Apollo Hospitals Health City Unit, Chinagadila
Dr. Prashant Chandra Das
Surgical Oncologist
15 Years • MBBS (MKCG Medical college) MCh (Surgical Oncology, Kidwai memorial institute of Oncology, Bangalore) MS (General Surgery, BHU Varanasi) Fellowship in Minimal Access Surgery ( FMAS). ESSO Course On Minimally Invasive Esophagectomy & Gastrectomy (UMC, Utrecht, Netherlands). Trained in Robotic and Laparoscopic Cancer Surgery.
Bhubaneswar
Apollo Hospitals Old Sainik School Road, Bhubaneswar
(25+ Patients)
Consult an Oncologist for the best advice
Dr. Harsh J Shah
Surgical Oncologist
15 Years • MS, MCh (GI), DrNB (GI)
Ahmedabad
Apollo Hospitals Gandhinagar, Ahmedabad
Dr Devashish Tripathi
Radiation Specialist Oncologist
20 Years • MBBS, PLAB, MRCP (UK)- General Medicine, FRCR (Oncology), Certificate of Completion of Training (CCT)- Clinical Oncology
Delhi
Apollo Hospitals Indraprastha, Delhi
Dr. Gopal Kumar
Head, Neck and Thyroid Cancer Surgeon
15 Years • MBBS, MS , FARHNS ( Seoul, South Korea ), FGOLF ( MSKCC, New York )
Delhi
Apollo Hospitals Indraprastha, Delhi
(25+ Patients)
Dr Sunita Samleti
Oncologist
18 Years • M.D. (Pathology)- TN Medical College, Mumbai University, Mumbai, Mar 2005 M.B.B.S. Grant Medical College, Mumbai University, Mumbai, Oct 1999
Chinagadila
Apollo Hospitals Health City Unit, Chinagadila
Dr. Prashant Chandra Das
Surgical Oncologist
15 Years • MBBS (MKCG Medical college) MCh (Surgical Oncology, Kidwai memorial institute of Oncology, Bangalore) MS (General Surgery, BHU Varanasi) Fellowship in Minimal Access Surgery ( FMAS). ESSO Course On Minimally Invasive Esophagectomy & Gastrectomy (UMC, Utrecht, Netherlands). Trained in Robotic and Laparoscopic Cancer Surgery.
Bhubaneswar
Apollo Hospitals Old Sainik School Road, Bhubaneswar
(25+ Patients)
