Bartholin Cyst Overview and Management
Know about the bartholin cyst, what it is, symptoms, causes, diagnosis and treatment options. Learn how to prevent bartholin cyst and more.
Written by Dr. J T Hema Pratima
Reviewed by Dr. Rohinipriyanka Pondugula MBBS
Last updated on 29th Aug, 2025
Introduction
Dealing with a Bartholin cyst can be uncomfortable and worrying, but understanding what it is and how to manage it can help ease your concerns. This guide will walk you through the basics—what a Bartholin cyst is, its symptoms, causes, and how to take care of it.
What is a Bartholin Cyst?
The Bartholin glands are two small glands located near the vaginal opening. Their job is to produce fluid that helps keep the vagina moist. Sometimes, the duct (tiny tube) of these glands gets blocked, causing fluid to build up and form a cyst.
A Bartholin cyst is a small, fluid-filled lump near the vaginal opening. Most of the time, these cysts are painless and go unnoticed. However, if the cyst becomes infected, it can turn into a painful abscess (a pus-filled swelling).
Consult a Gynaecologist for Personalised Advice
Symptoms of a Bartholin Cyst
Many women with a Bartholin cyst may not even realise they have one because it doesn’t always cause symptoms. However, if the cyst grows larger or becomes infected, you may experience:
• A small, painless lump near the vaginal opening
• Discomfort while walking, sitting, or having sex
• Redness, swelling, and tenderness in the area
• Pain if the cyst gets infected (abscess)
• Fever (in rare cases of severe infection)
If you notice any of these symptoms, it’s best to consult a doctor for proper evaluation.
What Causes a Bartholin Cyst?
The exact reason why some women develop Bartholin cysts isn’t always clear, but possible causes include:
• Blockage of the gland’s duct – This can happen due to irritation, infection, or thick mucus.
• Bacterial infection – Sometimes, bacteria (like E. coli or sexually transmitted infections) can infect the gland, leading to an abscess.
• Hormonal changes – Cysts may form due to hormonal shifts, especially after menopause, when gland activity decreases.
How is a Bartholin Cyst Diagnosed?
If you notice a lump near your vagina, your doctor can usually diagnose a Bartholin cyst by:
• Physical examination – Checking the size, tenderness, and signs of infection.
• Testing for infections – If an abscess is present, the doctor may take a swab to check for bacteria or STIs.
In rare cases, especially in women over 40, a biopsy may be done to rule out other conditions.
Treatment Options for Bartholin Cyst
1. Home Care for Small, Painless Cysts
If the cyst is small and not causing discomfort, you may not need medical treatment. Try these self-care tips:
• Warm sitz baths – Soaking in warm water for 10-15 minutes, 3-4 times a day, can help the cyst drain naturally.
• Keep the area clean – Gently wash with mild soap and water to prevent infection.
• Avoid squeezing the cyst – This can lead to infection.
2. Medical Treatment for Painful or Infected Cysts
If the cyst is painful, large, or infected, your doctor may recommend:
• Antibiotics – If an infection is present, antibiotics may be prescribed.
• Incision and drainage (I&D) – The doctor makes a small cut to drain the fluid or pus, providing quick relief.
• Word catheter placement – A small tube is inserted into the cyst to keep it open and allow drainage for a few weeks.
• Marsupialisation (for recurring cysts) – A minor surgical procedure where the cyst is opened and stitched to create a permanent drainage path.
3. Surgery (Rare Cases)
• If cysts keep coming back, surgical removal of the Bartholin gland may be considered, but this is uncommon.
Preventing Bartholin Cysts
While not all Bartholin cysts can be prevented, these steps may help reduce the risk:
• Practice good hygiene – Keep the vaginal area clean and dry.
• Use protection during sex – Condoms can lower the risk of infections that may lead to cysts.
• Avoid harsh soaps or douches – These can irritate the glands.
When to See a Doctor
Most Bartholin cysts resolve on their own or with home care. However, seek medical attention if:
• The cyst is very painful or growing rapidly.
• You develop fever, chills, or worsening redness.
• The cyst keeps coming back.
Final Thoughts
A Bartholin cyst is a common and usually harmless condition. While it can be uncomfortable, most cases can be managed with simple home care or minor medical procedures. If you experience persistent pain or signs of infection, don’t hesitate to reach out to a healthcare provider for proper treatment.
Consult a Gynaecologist for Personalised Advice
Consult a Gynaecologist for Personalised Advice
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Consult a Gynaecologist for Personalised Advice
Dr. Sanjan Das
Obstetrician and Gynaecologist
15 Years • MBBS,MS
Bengaluru
Apollo Clinic, Sarjapur Road, Bengaluru
Dr. Parul Sharma
Obstetrician and Gynaecologist
8 Years • MBBS, MS (Obstetrics & Gynaecology)
New Delhi
THE DOCTORS NESST, New Delhi
Dr. Mehnaz Rashid
Obstetrician and Gynaecologist
7 Years • MBBS, DNB (Obstetrics & Gynaecology), D.MAS, F.MAS, WALS
Bengaluru
Wellstar Polyclinic and Diagnostic Center, Bengaluru
(225+ Patients)
Dr. Sreeparna Roy
Obstetrician and Gynaecologist
8 Years • MBBS , MS (OBSTETRICS & GYNAECOLOGY), Fellowship in Infertility, Endoscopy & Ultrasonography), Fellowship in Laparoscopy & Hysteroscopy,DRM
Kolkata
Dr Utsa Basu Clinic, Kolkata
Dr. Sreeparna Roy
Obstetrician and Gynaecologist
8 Years • MBBS , MS (OBSTETRICS & GYNAECOLOGY), Fellowship in Infertility, Endoscopy & Ultrasonography), Fellowship in Laparoscopy & Hysteroscopy,DRM
Barasat
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