Diabetic Neuropathy Overview and Management
Know about diabetic neuropathy, symptoms, causes, and how it affects your health. Discover how to manage diabetic neuropathy and other related conditions.
Written by Dr. J T Hema Pratima
Reviewed by Dr. D Bhanu Prakash MBBS, AFIH, Advanced certificate in critical care medicine, Fellowship in critical care medicine
Last updated on 25th Aug, 2025
Living with diabetes can be challenging, and one of the complications that may arise over time is diabetic neuropathy, a condition where high blood sugar levels damage nerves, leading to pain, numbness, and other symptoms. If you or a loved one has diabetes, understanding this condition can help in early detection and better management.
In this article, we’ll explore what diabetic neuropathy is, its symptoms, causes, and how it affects your health. We’ll also share practical tips to manage it effectively and when to seek medical help.
What is Diabetic Neuropathy?
Diabetic neuropathy is a type of nerve damage caused by prolonged high blood sugar levels. Over time, excess sugar in the bloodstream can injure the walls of tiny blood vessels (capillaries) that supply oxygen and nutrients to nerves, especially in the legs and feet. This damage disrupts nerve signals, leading to pain, tingling, or loss of sensation.
There are different types of diabetic neuropathy, but the most common is peripheral neuropathy, which affects the feet and legs first, followed by the hands and arms.
Symptoms of Diabetic Neuropathy
The symptoms depend on which nerves are affected, but may include:
• Numbness or reduced ability to feel pain or temperature changes
• Tingling or burning sensation
• Sharp, stabbing pains
• Muscle weakness or difficulty walking
• Sensitivity to touch (even light pressure may feel painful)
• Foot problems like ulcers, infections, or deformities due to unnoticed injuries
In severe cases, neuropathy can also affect digestion, bladder control, heart rate, and blood pressure, a condition called autonomic neuropathy.
Consult General Practitioner for Personalised Advice
What Causes Diabetic Neuropathy?
Several factors contribute to nerve damage in diabetes:
1. High Blood Sugar Levels – Uncontrolled diabetes is the primary cause.
2. Duration of Diabetes – The longer you have diabetes, the higher the risk.
3. Poor Blood Circulation – Damaged blood vessels reduce oxygen supply to nerves.
4. Inflammation – High sugar levels trigger nerve inflammation.
5. Lifestyle Factors – Smoking, alcohol, and lack of physical activity worsen nerve damage.
How Does Diabetic Neuropathy Affect Health?
If left untreated, diabetic neuropathy can lead to serious complications:
• Foot Ulcers & Infections – Loss of sensation means minor cuts or blisters may go unnoticed, leading to infections or even amputations in severe cases
• Digestive Issues – Nerve damage in the digestive system can cause nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea, or constipation.
• Cardiovascular Problems – Autonomic neuropathy may lead to irregular heartbeats or sudden drops in blood pressure.
• Urinary Problems – Bladder dysfunction can cause infections or incontinence.
Managing Diabetic Neuropathy
While diabetic neuropathy cannot be completely reversed, early detection and proper management can slow its progression and relieve symptoms. Here’s what you can do:
1. Keep Blood Sugar Under Control
• Monitor blood sugar levels regularly.
• Follow your doctor’s advice on medications (oral pills or insulin).
• Maintain an HbA1c level below 7% (as recommended by your doctor).
2. Healthy Eating Habits
• Eat a balanced diet rich in fiber (whole grains, vegetables, fruits).
• Avoid sugary and processed foods.
• Include foods with B vitamins (like leafy greens, eggs, nuts) to support nerve health.
3. Regular Exercise
• Physical activity improves blood circulation and nerve function.
• Try walking, swimming, or yoga for at least 30 minutes daily.
• Avoid high-impact exercises if you have foot problems.
4. Foot Care is Crucial
• Check your feet daily for cuts, blisters, or swelling.
• Wear comfortable, well-fitting shoes.
• Avoid walking barefoot to prevent injuries.
• Keep feet clean and moisturised (but avoid applying lotion between toes).
5. Pain Management
• Over-the-counter pain relievers (like acetaminophen) may help, but consult a doctor before using them.
• Prescription medications (such as gabapentin, duloxetine, or pregabalin) can ease nerve pain.
• Alternative therapies like acupuncture or capsaicin cream may provide relief.
6. Quit Smoking & Limit Alcohol
• Smoking reduces blood flow, worsening nerve damage.
• Excessive alcohol can further harm nerves.
7. Regular Medical Check-ups
• Visit your doctor for nerve function tests if you notice symptoms.
• Get annual foot exams to detect early signs of damage.
When to See a Doctor?
If you experience any of the following, consult a healthcare provider immediately:
• Persistent numbness, pain, or weakness in hands or feet.
• Wounds that don’t heal.
• Dizziness, digestive issues, or irregular heartbeat.
Early intervention can prevent complications and improve quality of life.
Final Thoughts
Diabetic neuropathy is a serious but manageable condition. By keeping blood sugar in check, adopting a healthy lifestyle, and staying vigilant about symptoms, you can reduce its impact. If you suspect nerve damage, don’t ignore the signs seek medical advice promptly.
Consult General Practitioner for Personalised Advice
Consult General Practitioner for Personalised Advice
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Consult General Practitioner for Personalised Advice
Dr. Gaddam Manoj
General Practitioner
1 Years • MBBS
Hyderabad
Aaradhya clinic, Hyderabad
Dr. Sahana B
General Practitioner
3 Years • MBBS
Koppal
Khushi multi-speciality hospital, Koppal
Dr. Bulbul Biswas
General Practitioner
35 Years • MBBS, Diploma in Maternity and child welfare
Kolkata
HERSTEL CARE CLINIC, Kolkata
Dr Syed Mizra M
General Physician/ Internal Medicine Specialist
2 Years • MBBS
Bengaluru
PRESTIGE SHANTHINIKETAN - SOCIETY CLINIC, Bengaluru
Dr Sumanth R
General Physician
2 Years • MBBS
Bengaluru
PRESTIGE SHANTHINIKETAN - SOCIETY CLINIC, Bengaluru
