Dry Eye Syndrome Symptoms and Causes
Learn about dry eye syndrome, its common symptoms like irritation and blurred vision, and causes including screen time, aging, and environmental factors. Discover how to manage it effectively.
Written by Dr. Rohinipriyanka Pondugula
Reviewed by Dr. Md Yusuf Shareef MBBS
Last updated on 13th Jan, 2026
Dry Eye Syndrome is a common condition that affects millions of people worldwide. If you’ve ever experienced a gritty, burning, or itchy sensation in your eyes, you may be dealing with dry eyes. This condition occurs when your eyes don’t produce enough tears or when the tears evaporate too quickly, leading to discomfort and sometimes even vision problems.
The good news is that dry eye syndrome is manageable with the right care and lifestyle adjustments. In this article, we’ll explore the symptoms, causes, and simple ways to keep your eyes comfortable and healthy.
What Are the Symptoms of Dry Eye Syndrome?
Dry eye symptoms can vary from mild to severe and may include:
A stinging or burning sensation in the eyes
Redness and irritation
A feeling of grittiness, like there’s sand in your eyes
Blurred vision, especially after long periods of reading or screen time
Excessive tearing (paradoxically, dry eyes can sometimes trigger reflex tearing)
Sensitivity to light
Difficulty wearing contact lenses
Eye fatigue, particularly towards the end of the day
If you experience these symptoms frequently, it’s important to address them before they worsen.
Consult Top Ophthamologist
What Causes Dry Eye Syndrome?
Several factors can contribute to dry eyes, including:
1. Reduced Tear Production
As we age, tear production naturally decreases, making older adults more prone to dry eyes. Certain medical conditions like diabetes, rheumatoid arthritis, and thyroid disorders can also reduce tear production.
2. Increased Tear Evaporation
Environmental factors such as dry air, wind, smoke, or air conditioning can cause tears to evaporate too quickly. Blinking less frequently which is common when staring at screens also contributes to dryness.
3. Medications
Some medications, including antihistamines, decongestants, blood pressure drugs, and antidepressants, can reduce tear production as a side effect.
4. Hormonal Changes
Women are more likely to develop dry eyes due to hormonal fluctuations during pregnancy, menopause, or while using birth control pills.
5. Prolonged Screen Time
Spending long hours on computers, smartphones, or tablets reduces blinking, leading to faster tear evaporation.
6. Contact Lens Use
Wearing contact lenses for extended periods can increase dryness and discomfort.
7. Underlying Eye Conditions
Conditions like blepharitis (eyelid inflammation) or meibomian gland dysfunction (blocked oil glands in the eyelids) can disrupt tear quality, leading to dry eyes.
How Does Dry Eye Syndrome Affect Your Health?
If left untreated, chronic dry eyes can lead to:
Eye infections (due to insufficient tear protection)
Corneal damage (scratches or ulcers from excessive dryness)
Difficulty performing daily tasks (reading, driving, or working on screens)
While dry eye syndrome is usually not serious, persistent symptoms should be evaluated by an eye specialist to prevent complications.
Tips to Manage and Improve Dry Eye Syndrome
Here's how you can manage it effectively and protect your eye health,
1. Use Artificial Tears
Over-the-counter lubricating eye drops (artificial tears) can provide relief. Choose preservative-free options if you use them frequently.
2. Follow the 20-20-20 Rule
If you work on screens, take a 20-second break every 20 minutes and look at something 20 feet away to reduce eye strain.
3. Increase Humidity
Use a humidifier at home or work to keep the air moist, especially in dry climates or air-conditioned rooms.
4. Blink More Often
Make a conscious effort to blink fully and frequently, especially when using digital devices.
5. Protect Your Eyes Outdoors
Wear wraparound sunglasses to shield your eyes from wind and dust.
6. Stay Hydrated
Drink plenty of water throughout the day to help maintain tear production.
7. Eat Eye-Friendly Foods
Include omega-3 fatty acids (found in fish, flaxseeds, and walnuts) in your diet to support tear quality.
8. Avoid Direct Airflow
Position fans, heaters, or air conditioners so they don’t blow directly into your eyes.
9. Warm Compresses
If you have meibomian gland dysfunction, applying a warm compress to your eyelids can help unclog oil glands and improve tear quality.
10. Consult an Eye Specialist
If symptoms persist despite home remedies, an eye doctor can recommend prescription eye drops, punctal plugs (to block tear drainage), or other treatments.
When Should You See a Doctor?
Seek medical advice if you experience:
Severe pain or light sensitivity
Sudden vision changes
Persistent redness or discharge
Symptoms that don’t improve with over-the-counter treatments
Take Control of Your Eye Health Today
For expert advice and personalized treatment, consider booking a consultation with an ophthalmologist at Apollo 24|7. You can easily schedule an eye check-up or order lubricating eye drops through the Apollo 24|7 app or website.
Conclusion
Dry Eye Syndrome can be bothersome, but with the right care, you can keep your eyes comfortable and healthy. If you’re struggling with persistent dryness, don’t ignore it as early intervention can prevent complications.
Consult Top Ophthamologist
Consult Top Ophthamologist
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