Fertility Tests for Women Overview
Know about the fertility test, its importance, who should be tested for it, and tips to improve fertility naturally.
Written by Dr. J T Hema Pratima
Reviewed by Dr. D Bhanu Prakash MBBS, AFIH, Advanced certificate in critical care medicine, Fellowship in critical care medicine
Last updated on 12th Aug, 2025
Introduction
If you're trying to conceive and facing challenges, understanding fertility tests can help you take the next steps with confidence. Fertility tests for women help identify potential issues that may be affecting the ability to get pregnant.
This guide explains the various types of tests, their components, and how they can support you on your journey to motherhood.
Why Are Fertility Tests Important?
Fertility tests help doctors understand how well your reproductive system is functioning. They can detect hormonal imbalances, ovulation problems, or structural issues in the uterus or fallopian tubes. Early testing can provide answers and guide treatment options, improving your chances of conception.
Consult Top Specialists for Personalised Health Advice
Common Fertility Tests for Women
1. Blood Tests (Hormonal Testing)
Hormones play a crucial role in fertility. Blood tests check for:
Follicle-Stimulating Hormone (FSH) – Measures ovarian reserve (egg supply).
Luteinizing Hormone (LH) – Helps predict ovulation.
Estradiol (Estrogen) – Evaluates egg quality and ovarian function.
Anti-Müllerian Hormone (AMH) – Indicates remaining egg count.
Thyroid and Prolactin Levels – Imbalances can affect fertility.
When is it done? These tests are usually taken on specific days of your menstrual cycle.
2. Ovulation Testing
Ovulation is when an egg is released from the ovary. Tests include:
Ovulation Predictor Kits (OPKs) – Detect LH surge in urine before ovulation.
Basal Body Temperature (BBT) Tracking – A slight temperature rise confirms ovulation.
Progesterone Blood Test – Checks if ovulation occurred (done 7 days after expected ovulation).
Tip: Tracking ovulation helps time intercourse for the best chance of conception.
3. Ultrasound (Follicular Monitoring)
A transvaginal ultrasound examines the ovaries and uterus to:
Check follicle development (egg-containing sacs).
Monitor endometrial thickness (uterine lining).
Detect cysts or fibroids that may affect fertility.
When is it done? Usually performed multiple times during a menstrual cycle.
4. Hysterosalpingography (HSG)
This X-ray test checks if the fallopian tubes are open and if the uterus has a normal shape.
A dye is injected into the uterus, and X-rays track its movement.
Helps detect blockages or abnormalities.
Does it hurt? Some women experience mild cramping, but it’s usually brief.
5. Hysteroscopy or Laparoscopy
If other tests don’t provide answers, these minor surgical procedures allow doctors to see inside the uterus or pelvis.
Hysteroscopy – A thin scope examines the uterus for polyps or scar tissue.
Laparoscopy – A small camera checks for endometriosis, pelvic adhesions, or tubal issues.
Recovery: Usually quick, with minimal discomfort.
6. Genetic Testing
Some fertility issues may be linked to genetic conditions. Tests like karyotyping can identify chromosomal abnormalities.
Who Should Consider Fertility Testing?
You may want to consider fertility tests if:
You’re under 35 and haven’t conceived after 1 year of trying.
You’re over 35 and haven’t conceived after 6 months.
You have irregular periods, painful periods, or a history of miscarriages.
You have known conditions like PCOS, endometriosis, or thyroid disorders.
Tips to Improve Fertility Naturally
While tests help diagnose issues, lifestyle changes can support fertility:
Eat a Balanced Diet – Include whole grains, leafy greens, lean proteins, and healthy fats.
Maintain a Healthy Weight – Being underweight or overweight can impact hormone levels.
Exercise Moderately – Too much or too little can impact ovulation.
Reduce Stress – High stress can interfere with hormones. Try yoga or meditation.
Avoid Smoking & Alcohol – Both can reduce fertility.
Track Your Cycle – Helps identify ovulation patterns.
When to See a Doctor?
If you’re concerned about fertility, don’t hesitate to seek help. Early testing can provide clarity and open up treatment options like:
Fertility medications (e.g., Clomiphene for ovulation).
Intrauterine Insemination (IUI) – Places sperm directly in the uterus.
In Vitro Fertilisation (IVF) – Combines eggs and sperm in a lab.
Final Thoughts
Fertility tests are important for women who want to get pregnant. FSH, LH & AMH are a few fertility tests. These tests are mandatory for women who are trying to get pregnant but are unable to. These tests help in determining the fertility issues in women. You may consult a doctor for advice and consultation.
Consult Top Specialists for Personalised Health Advice
Consult Top Specialists for Personalised Health Advice
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Consult Top Specialists for Personalised Health Advice
Dr. Mohamed Azeem
General Physician/ Internal Medicine Specialist
2 Years • MBBS,MD(Internal Medicine) CCEBDM
Karaikudi
Apollo Hospitals Karaikudi, Karaikudi
Dr. Swagato Podder
General Practitioner
5 Years • MBBS
Kolkata
GRD POLYCLINIC, Kolkata
Dr. Naziya Rahim Bhatia
General Surgeon
7 Years • MBBS ,MS
Bengaluru
Apollo Clinic, Sarjapur Road, Bengaluru
Dr. Abhishek Gowda
General Physician/ Internal Medicine Specialist
2 Years • MBBS
Bengaluru
PRESTIGE SHANTHINIKETAN - SOCIETY CLINIC, Bengaluru
Dr. Sumanjita Bora
Cardiologist
9 Years • MBBS, PGDCC
Bengaluru
Apollo Clinic, Sarjapur Road, Bengaluru
