Understanding Black Fungus and Mucormycosis
Learn about black fungus (mucormycosis), a serious fungal infection affecting those with weak immunity. Know its symptoms, causes, risk factors, and prevention tips.
Written by Dr. J T Hema Pratima
Reviewed by Dr. Rohinipriyanka Pondugula MBBS
Last updated on 21st Aug, 2025
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Black Fungus, medically known as Mucormycosis, is a rare but serious fungal infection that has recently gained attention, especially among people with weakened immune systems. If you or a loved one has heard about this condition and are concerned, this article will help you understand what it is, its symptoms, causes, and how to manage or prevent it.
What is Black Fungus (Mucormycosis)?
Mucormycosis, commonly called Black Fungus, is an infection caused by a group of molds called mucormycetes. These molds are present in the environment—commonly found in soil, decaying organic matter, and even in the air. While most people breathe in these spores without any issues, those with weakened immune systems may develop an infection.
The fungus can affect different parts of the body, including:
- Sinuses and Brain (Rhinocerebral Mucormycosis)
- Lungs (Pulmonary Mucormycosis)
- Skin (Cutaneous Mucormycosis)
- Digestive System (Gastrointestinal Mucormycosis)
Who is at Risk?
Not everyone exposed to these fungi gets infected. People with certain health conditions are more vulnerable, including:
- Uncontrolled diabetes (especially with high blood sugar levels)
- Cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy
- Organ transplant recipients on immunosuppressants
- People with long-term steroid use
Those with severe COVID-19 who have been on oxygen support or steroids
Symptoms of Mucormycosis
Symptoms depend on where the infection is located in the body:
1. Sinus and Brain (Rhinocerebral Mucormycosis)
- Nasal congestion or sinus pain
- Blackish discharge from the nose
- Swelling on one side of the face
- Headache, fever
- Blurred or double vision
2. Lungs (Pulmonary Mucormycosis)
- Fever, cough
- Chest pain, shortness of breath
- Coughing up blood
3. Skin (Cutaneous Mucormycosis)
- Blisters or ulcers on the skin
- Blackened skin tissue
- Pain, redness, or swelling
4. Digestive System (Gastrointestinal Mucormycosis)
- Abdominal pain
- Nausea, vomiting
- Gastrointestinal bleeding
If you notice any of these symptoms, especially after recovering from COVID-19 or if you have diabetes, seek medical help immediately. Early diagnosis and treatment are crucial.
Causes and How It Spreads
Mucormycosis is not contagious, it doesn’t spread from person to person. Instead, infection occurs when fungal spores are inhaled or enter the body through:
- Breathing in spores from the air (common in sinus/lung infections)
- Skin injuries (cuts, burns, or surgical wounds)
- Contaminated medical equipment (such as oxygen masks or ventilators)
Prevention Tips
Since mucormycosis mainly affects people with weakened immunity, preventive measures are essential:
1. Control Blood Sugar Levels
- If you have diabetes, monitor sugar levels regularly.
- Follow your doctor’s advice on diet and medication.
2. Maintain Hygiene
- Wear masks, especially in dusty or mold-prone areas.
- Keep wounds clean and dry.
3. Avoid Overuse of Steroids
- Steroids weaken immunity, so use them only as prescribed.
4. Use Clean Medical Equipment
Ensure oxygen masks and ventilators are sterile.
5. Eat a Healthy Diet
- Boost immunity with a balanced diet rich in vitamins and proteins.
Consult Top Specialists
Treatment Options
Mucormycosis is a medical emergency and requires immediate treatment, which may include:
- Antifungal medications (like Amphotericin B)
- Surgical removal of infected tissue
- Managing underlying conditions (like diabetes)
The sooner treatment starts, the better the chances of recovery.
When to See a Doctor
If you or someone you know has:
- Uncontrolled diabetes
- Recent COVID-19 infection with steroid use
- Symptoms like facial swelling, black nasal discharge, or breathing difficulties
Consult a doctor immediately. Early intervention can save lives.
How Apollo24|7 Can Help
If you suspect any symptoms or need expert advice, Apollo24|7 offers:
- Online consultations with specialists
- Lab tests for early detection
- Emergency care if needed
You can book a consultation or schedule a test easily through the Apollo24|7 app or website.
Final Thoughts
Mucormycosis is rare but dangerous, especially for those with weakened immune systems. Awareness, prevention, and timely medical care are key to staying safe. If you have diabetes, recently recovered from COVID-19, or are on immunosuppressants, stay vigilant and seek help at the first sign of symptoms.
Consult Top Specialists
Consult Top Specialists
Dr Syed Mateen Pasha
General Physician
2 Years • MBBS
Bengaluru
PRESTIGE SHANTHINIKETAN - SOCIETY CLINIC, Bengaluru
Dr. Anand Ravi
General Physician
2 Years • MBBS
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PRESTIGE SHANTHINIKETAN - SOCIETY CLINIC, Bengaluru
Dr. M L Ezhilarasan
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6 Years • MBBS
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Apollo 24|7 Clinic - Andhra Pradesh, Visakhapatnam
Dr. Karanam Kondalamma
General Practitioner
4 Years • MBBS
Hyderabad
KK Clinic, Hyderabad
Dr. Madhuri Sai Sreepada
General Practitioner
9 Years • MBBS
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BRIGHT SMILES MEDICARE & DENTAL CARE, Hyderabad
Consult Top Specialists
Dr Syed Mateen Pasha
General Physician
2 Years • MBBS
Bengaluru
PRESTIGE SHANTHINIKETAN - SOCIETY CLINIC, Bengaluru
Dr. Anand Ravi
General Physician
2 Years • MBBS
Bengaluru
PRESTIGE SHANTHINIKETAN - SOCIETY CLINIC, Bengaluru
Dr. M L Ezhilarasan
General Practitioner
6 Years • MBBS
Visakhapatnam
Apollo 24|7 Clinic - Andhra Pradesh, Visakhapatnam
Dr. Karanam Kondalamma
General Practitioner
4 Years • MBBS
Hyderabad
KK Clinic, Hyderabad
Dr. Madhuri Sai Sreepada
General Practitioner
9 Years • MBBS
Hyderabad
BRIGHT SMILES MEDICARE & DENTAL CARE, Hyderabad
