Galactorrhea: Causes, Symptoms, and Treatments
Know about galactorrhea, what it is, its causes, symptoms, diagnosis and treatment options. Learn more about self-care tips.
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Last updated on 1st Sep, 2025
Introduction
Galactorrhea is a condition where a person (usually a woman, but sometimes men and even infants) experiences milky discharge from the nipples unrelated to breastfeeding. While it is not a life-threatening condition, it can be concerning and may indicate an underlying health issue. Understanding the causes, symptoms, and treatment options can help manage this condition effectively.
What is Galactorrhea?
Galactorrhea occurs when one or both nipples produce a milky discharge without breastfeeding. This happens due to an increase in prolactin, a hormone responsible for milk production. While it is more common in women, men and newborns can also experience it.
Key Facts About Galactorrhea
The key facts about galactorrhea include:
- Not linked to breastfeeding – Occurs outside of pregnancy or nursing.
- It can affect both genders, though rare in men.
- May be caused by medications or hormonal imbalances – Often treatable with proper care.
Common Symptoms of Galactorrhea
The main symptom is milky nipple discharge, but other signs may include:
- Breast tenderness or swelling
- Irregular or absent menstrual periods (in women)
- Headaches or vision problems (if caused by a pituitary gland issue)
- Reduced sex drive or erectile dysfunction (in men)
If you notice persistent nipple discharge, especially if it’s bloody or only from one breast, consult a doctor to rule out serious conditions like breast cancer.
What Causes Galactorrhea?
Several factors can trigger galactorrhea, including:
1. Hormonal Imbalances
- High prolactin levels (hyperprolactinemia) – Often due to a benign pituitary tumour called a prolactinoma.
- Thyroid disorders – An underactive thyroid (hypothyroidism) can disrupt hormone levels.
2. Medications
Certain drugs can increase prolactin, such as:
- Antidepressants (e.g., SSRIs)
- Blood pressure medications
- Birth control pills
- Antipsychotics
Consult a Gynaecologist for Personalised Advice
3. Other Medical Conditions
- Chronic kidney disease – Can affect hormone regulation.
- Spinal cord injuries or chest wall irritation – Nerve stimulation may trigger milk production.
- Stress or excessive breast stimulation – Rare but possible.
4. Idiopathic Galactorrhea
Sometimes, no clear cause is found, and the condition resolves on its own.
How is Galactorrhea Diagnosed?
If you experience unexplained nipple discharge, your doctor may recommend:
- Blood tests – To check prolactin and thyroid hormone levels.
- Pregnancy test – To rule out pregnancy-related causes.
- MRI or CT scan – If a pituitary tumour is suspected.
- Breast exam or mammogram – To exclude breast abnormalities.
Treatment Options for Galactorrhea
Treatment depends on the underlying cause:
1. Medication Adjustments
If a drug is causing the issue, your doctor may switch you to an alternative.
2. Hormone Therapy
- Dopamine agonists (e.g., Bromocriptine, Cabergoline) – Lower prolactin levels.
- Thyroid medication – If hypothyroidism is the cause.
3. Surgery (Rarely Needed)
If a pituitary tumour is large or causing symptoms like vision problems, surgery may be required.
4. Lifestyle and Home Remedies
Avoid excessive nipple stimulation – Tight clothing or frequent breast exams can worsen symptoms.
- Wear a supportive bra – Helps reduce irritation.
- Manage stress – Stress can affect hormone levels.
When to See a Doctor?
Seek medical advice if you notice:
- Persistent milky discharge without breastfeeding.
- Bloody or one-sided nipple discharge.
- Headaches, vision changes, or irregular periods.
Final Thoughts
Galactorrhea is usually not a serious condition, but should not be ignored. With proper diagnosis and treatment, most cases can be managed effectively. If you experience unusual nipple discharge, don’t hesitate to seek medical advice for peace of mind and appropriate care.
Consult a Gynaecologist for Personalised Advice
Consult a Gynaecologist for Personalised Advice
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