Cluster Headache Treatment Options Available
know what causes cluster headache, symptoms and treatment options for cluster headache. Learn about the best treatment option for you.
Written by Dr. Siri Nallapu
Reviewed by Dr. Shaik Abdul Kalam MD (Physician)
Last updated on 11th Aug, 2025
Introduction
Cluster headaches are among the most painful types of headaches, often described as a sharp, burning, or piercing pain around one eye or temple. Unlike migraines, which can last for hours or days, cluster headaches occur in cyclical patterns (or "clusters") and can last from 15 minutes to three hours.
If you or someone you know suffers from these headaches, understanding the available treatment options can help manage the pain and improve quality of life.
Understanding Cluster Headaches
Symptoms of Cluster Headaches
The symptoms include:
- Severe, one-sided pain (usually around the eye, temple, or forehead)
- Red, teary eyes or drooping eyelids on the affected side
- Stuffy or runny nose on the same side as the pain
- Restlessness or agitation (patients often pace or rock back and forth)
- Pain that starts suddenly and peaks within minutes
What Causes Cluster Headaches?
The exact cause is unknown, but researchers believe it may involve abnormalities in the hypothalamus (the part of the brain that regulates biological rhythms). Triggers may include:
- Alcohol or smoking
- Strong smells (perfume, paint fumes)
- High altitudes
- Bright lights or stress
Consult a top general practitioner for the best advice
Treatment Options for Cluster Headaches
Since cluster headaches strike suddenly and intensely, treatment focuses on:
1. Stopping an attack in progress (acute treatment)
2. Preventing future attacks (prophylactic treatment)
1. Acute Treatments (For Immediate Relief)
These treatments aim to relieve pain quickly when an attack occurs.
a. Oxygen Therapy
- How it works: Breathing pure oxygen through a mask for 15-20 minutes can help stop an attack.
- Best for: People who prefer drug-free treatment.
- Availability: Requires a prescription for an oxygen cylinder.
b. Triptans (Sumatriptan, Zolmitriptan)
- How it works: Injected or nasal spray forms help constrict blood vessels and reduce pain.
- Best for: Fast relief when oxygen isn’t available.
- Side effects: Mild dizziness or chest tightness (rare).
c. Lidocaine Nasal Spray
- How it works: A numbing agent applied inside the nose can help dull pain signals.
- Best for: Those who cannot take triptans.
d. DHE (Dihydroergotamine) Injections
- How it works: Helps relieve pain by narrowing blood vessels.
- Best for: Patients who don’t respond to other treatments.
2. Preventive Treatments (To Reduce Frequency of Attacks)
Since cluster headaches occur in cycles, preventive medications can help reduce the number and severity of attacks.
a. Verapamil (Calcium Channel Blocker)
- How it works: It helps relax blood vessels and prevent headaches.
- Best for: Long-term prevention.
- Side effects: Constipation, dizziness, or low blood pressure.
b. Corticosteroids (Prednisone)
- How it works: Reduces inflammation and can break a headache cycle.
- Best for: Short-term use due to side effects like weight gain or high blood sugar.
c. Lithium Carbonate
- How it works: Stabilises brain chemicals linked to headaches.
- Best for: Chronic cluster headaches.
- Side effects: Thirst, tremors, or kidney issues (requires monitoring).
d. Nerve Blocks (Occipital Nerve Block)
- How it works: An anaesthetic injection near the occipital nerve can provide temporary relief.
- Best for: Patients who don’t respond to medications.
3. Emerging & Alternative Treatments
For those who don’t find relief with standard treatments, newer options include:
- Neuromodulation Devices: Non-invasive devices like gammaCore (vagus nerve stimulator) can help reduce pain.
- Melatonin Supplements: Some studies suggest melatonin may help regulate sleep cycles and reduce attacks.
- Lifestyle Changes: Avoiding alcohol, quitting smoking, and maintaining a regular sleep schedule can help.
When to See a Doctor?
If you experience:
Sudden, severe headaches unlike any you’ve had before
Headaches that worsen or don’t improve with treatment
Vision changes, confusion, or fever with headaches
Final Thoughts
Cluster headaches can be debilitating, but the right treatment can make a huge difference. If you or a loved one suffers from these headaches, don’t hesitate to seek medical help. With proper care, you can reduce pain frequency and regain control over your life.
Consult a top general practitioner for the best advice
Consult a top general practitioner for the best advice
Dr Suseela
General Physician
5 Years • MBBS
Bengaluru
Apollo Medical Center, Marathahalli, Bengaluru
Dr. Gunashree V L
General Physician/ Internal Medicine Specialist
3 Years • MBBS
Bengaluru
Apollo Clinic, JP nagar, Bengaluru
Dr. Anand Ravi
General Physician
2 Years • MBBS
Bengaluru
PRESTIGE SHANTHINIKETAN - SOCIETY CLINIC, Bengaluru
Dr Darshana R
General Physician/ Internal Medicine Specialist
15 Years • MBBS, MD, DNB (Internal Medicine), Diploma in Allergy, Asthma and Immunology , Fellowship in Diabetes
Bengaluru
Apollo Clinic, JP nagar, Bengaluru
(100+ Patients)
Dr. Vivek D
General Physician
2 Years • MBBS
Bengaluru
PRESTIGE SHANTHINIKETAN - SOCIETY CLINIC, Bengaluru
Consult a top general practitioner for the best advice
Dr Suseela
General Physician
5 Years • MBBS
Bengaluru
Apollo Medical Center, Marathahalli, Bengaluru
Dr. Gunashree V L
General Physician/ Internal Medicine Specialist
3 Years • MBBS
Bengaluru
Apollo Clinic, JP nagar, Bengaluru
Dr. Anand Ravi
General Physician
2 Years • MBBS
Bengaluru
PRESTIGE SHANTHINIKETAN - SOCIETY CLINIC, Bengaluru
Dr Darshana R
General Physician/ Internal Medicine Specialist
15 Years • MBBS, MD, DNB (Internal Medicine), Diploma in Allergy, Asthma and Immunology , Fellowship in Diabetes
Bengaluru
Apollo Clinic, JP nagar, Bengaluru
(100+ Patients)
Dr. Vivek D
General Physician
2 Years • MBBS
Bengaluru
PRESTIGE SHANTHINIKETAN - SOCIETY CLINIC, Bengaluru
