Understanding Dementia, Its Types and Symptoms
Learn about dementia, its different types, early signs, and symptoms. Understand how dementia affects memory, thinking, and daily life, and the importance of early diagnosis.
Written by Dr. Vasanthasree Nair
Reviewed by Dr. Rohinipriyanka Pondugula MBBS
Last updated on 28th Aug, 2025
Introduction
Dementia is a term that describes a group of symptoms affecting memory, thinking, and social abilities severely enough to interfere with daily life. It is not a single disease but rather a collection of conditions caused by various brain disorders. If you or a loved one are experiencing memory problems or confusion, it’s important to understand dementia, its different types, and symptoms to seek the right help.
What is Dementia?
Dementia occurs when brain cells are damaged, leading to a decline in cognitive function. This affects memory, reasoning, communication, and the ability to perform everyday tasks. While dementia is more common in older adults, it is not a normal part of aging. Early diagnosis and proper care can help manage symptoms and improve quality of life.
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Common Types of Dementia
There are several types of dementia, each with distinct causes and symptoms. The most common ones include:
1. Alzheimer’s Disease
Cause: Abnormal protein buildup in the brain (amyloid plaques and tau tangles).
Symptoms:
Memory loss (especially recent memories).
Difficulty in problem-solving and planning.
Confusion about time and place.
Mood and personality changes.
2. Vascular Dementia
Cause: Reduced blood flow to the brain due to strokes or damaged blood vessels.
Symptoms:
Trouble concentrating and making decisions.
Slowed thinking.
Problems with organization.
Physical symptoms like difficulty walking.
3. Lewy Body Dementia
Cause: Abnormal protein deposits (Lewy bodies) in the brain.
Symptoms:
Visual hallucinations.
Fluctuating alertness.
Movement problems (similar to Parkinson’s disease).
Sleep disturbances.
4. Frontotemporal Dementia (FTD)
Cause: Damage to the frontal and temporal lobes of the brain.
Symptoms:
Changes in personality and behaviour.
Difficulty with language (speaking or understanding).
Lack of empathy or social awareness.
5. Mixed Dementia
A combination of two or more types, often Alzheimer’s and vascular dementia.
Early Signs and Symptoms
Recognizing early symptoms can help in getting timely medical advice. Common signs include:
Memory loss – Forgetting recent events or important dates.
Difficulty performing familiar tasks – Trouble cooking, managing finances, or driving.
Confusion about time and place – Getting lost in familiar areas.
Language problems – Struggling to find the right words.
Poor judgment – Making unusual financial or personal decisions.
Mood swings – Unexplained irritability, anxiety, or depression.
If you notice these signs in yourself or a loved one, consult a doctor for a proper evaluation.
How Dementia Affects Daily Life
Dementia gradually impacts a person’s ability to function independently. Over time, they may need help with:
Personal care (bathing, dressing, eating).
Managing medications.
Handling finances.
Social interactions.
Family members often take on caregiving roles, which can be emotionally and physically challenging. Seeking support from healthcare professionals and support groups can help.
Tips for Managing Dementia
While there is no cure for most types of dementia, certain strategies can help manage symptoms and improve quality of life:
1. Stay Mentally Active
Engage in puzzles, reading, or learning new skills to keep the brain stimulated.
2. Maintain a Healthy Diet
Eat brain-boosting foods like leafy greens, nuts, fish, and berries.
Reduce processed foods and sugar.
3. Regular Physical Activity
Walking, yoga, or light exercises improve blood flow to the brain.
4. Social Engagement
Staying connected with friends and family helps reduce feelings of isolation.
5. Establish a Routine
A structured daily schedule reduces confusion and anxiety.
6. Medical Support
Regular check-ups and prescribed medications can slow symptom progression.
When to Seek Help
If you or someone you know is experiencing memory problems or behavioural changes, it’s important to consult a doctor. Early diagnosis allows for better management and planning.
Apollo 24|7 offers expert consultations and diagnostic tests for dementia-related concerns. You can book an appointment with a neurologist or geriatric specialist for a thorough evaluation.
Final Thoughts
Dementia can be overwhelming, but understanding its types and symptoms helps in seeking the right care. With proper support, lifestyle adjustments, and medical guidance, individuals with dementia can lead a more comfortable and fulfilling life.
If you have concerns about memory loss or cognitive decline, don’t hesitate to reach out to a healthcare professional. Early intervention makes a difference.
Consult Top neurologist
Consult Top Specialists for Personalised Tips
Dr. Aditendraditya Singh Bhati
Neurosurgeon
18 Years • MBBS(2004), DNB Neurosurgery(2014); MNAMS; Fellow Neuroendoscopy
Delhi
Apollo Hospitals Indraprastha, Delhi
(100+ Patients)
Dr. Ganeshgouda Majigoudra
Neurologist
10 Years • MBBS, MD ( GENERAL MEDICINE) DM (NEUROLOGY)
Bengaluru
Apollo Clinic, JP nagar, Bengaluru
Dr. Sarthak Mehta
Neurologist
6 Years • MBBS , MS Mch ( Neuro )
Bengaluru
Apollo Clinic, JP nagar, Bengaluru
Dr. E Prabhakar Sastry
General Physician/ Internal Medicine Specialist
40 Years • MD(Internal Medicine)
Manikonda Jagir
Apollo Clinic, Manikonda, Manikonda Jagir
(125+ Patients)
Dr. Annakula Ramu
Neurologist
7 Years • MBBS, MD General Medicine, DM Neurology
Jagtial
Sairam Neuro and Children Hospital, Jagtial
Consult Top neurologist
Dr. Aditendraditya Singh Bhati
Neurosurgeon
18 Years • MBBS(2004), DNB Neurosurgery(2014); MNAMS; Fellow Neuroendoscopy
Delhi
Apollo Hospitals Indraprastha, Delhi
(100+ Patients)
Dr. Ganeshgouda Majigoudra
Neurologist
10 Years • MBBS, MD ( GENERAL MEDICINE) DM (NEUROLOGY)
Bengaluru
Apollo Clinic, JP nagar, Bengaluru
Dr. Sarthak Mehta
Neurologist
6 Years • MBBS , MS Mch ( Neuro )
Bengaluru
Apollo Clinic, JP nagar, Bengaluru
Dr. E Prabhakar Sastry
General Physician/ Internal Medicine Specialist
40 Years • MD(Internal Medicine)
Manikonda Jagir
Apollo Clinic, Manikonda, Manikonda Jagir
(125+ Patients)
Dr. Annakula Ramu
Neurologist
7 Years • MBBS, MD General Medicine, DM Neurology
Jagtial
Sairam Neuro and Children Hospital, Jagtial
