Mitral Regurgitation: Symptoms, Causes, and Treatment
Discover the symptoms, causes, and treatment options for mitral regurgitation. Learn how this heart valve disorder affects blood flow and the importance of early diagnosis and management.
Written by Dr. Rohinipriyanka Pondugula
Reviewed by Dr. D Bhanu Prakash MBBS, AFIH, Advanced certificate in critical care medicine, Fellowship in critical care medicine
Last updated on 21st Aug, 2025
Heart health is crucial for overall well-being, and conditions like mitral regurgitation (MR) can affect how efficiently your heart works. If you or a loved one has been diagnosed with mitral regurgitation or suspects symptoms related to it, this article will help you understand what it is, its causes, symptoms, and available treatments, all explained in simple terms.
What is Mitral Regurgitation?
Mitral regurgitation is a heart condition where the mitral valve (one of the heart’s four valves) does not close properly. This allows blood to flow backward into the heart instead of moving forward as it should. Over time, this can weaken the heart and lead to complications if left untreated.
How Does It Affect Your Heart?
Normally, the mitral valve ensures that blood flows in one direction, from the left atrium (upper chamber) to the left ventricle (lower chamber). When the valve leaks, some blood flows backward, forcing the heart to work harder to pump enough blood to the body. This extra strain can eventually lead to heart failure if not managed properly.
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Symptoms of Mitral Regurgitation
Symptoms may develop gradually, and some people may not notice them in the early stages. However, as the condition worsens, you may experience:
Shortness of breath, especially during physical activity or when lying down
Fatigue and weakness
Heart palpitations (a feeling of rapid or irregular heartbeat)
Swollen feet or ankles (due to fluid buildup)
Coughing, especially at night
Dizziness or lightheadedness
If you experience any of these symptoms, it’s important to consult a doctor for proper evaluation.
What Causes Mitral Regurgitation?
Mitral regurgitation can develop due to several reasons:
1. Age-Related Wear and Tear – Over time, the mitral valve may weaken or stretch, leading to leakage.
2. Mitral Valve Prolapse – A condition where the valve flaps bulge back into the atrium, preventing proper closure.
3. Heart Attack – Damage to heart muscles can affect valve function.
4. Infections – Conditions like rheumatic fever (from untreated strep throat) or endocarditis (a heart infection) can damage the valve.
5. Congenital Heart Defects – Some people are born with abnormal mitral valves.
6. Other Heart Conditions – High blood pressure or an enlarged heart can contribute to mitral regurgitation.
Diagnosis and Tests
If your doctor suspects mitral regurgitation, they may recommend:
Echocardiogram – An ultrasound of the heart to check valve function.
Electrocardiogram (ECG) – Measures heart electrical activity.
Chest X-ray – Checks for heart enlargement or fluid in the lungs.
Cardiac MRI – Provides detailed images of the heart’s structure.
Stress Test – Evaluates heart function during physical activity.
Early diagnosis helps in managing the condition effectively.
Treatment Options for Mitral Regurgitation
Treatment depends on the severity of the condition.
1. Mild Cases (Regular Monitoring)
If symptoms are minimal, your doctor may recommend:
Regular check-ups to monitor heart function.
Medications to manage symptoms (e.g., diuretics to reduce fluid buildup, blood pressure medications).
2. Moderate to Severe Cases (Surgical Options)
If the leakage is significant, surgery may be needed:
Mitral Valve Repair – Surgeons fix the existing valve to restore proper function.
Mitral Valve Replacement – If repair isn’t possible, the damaged valve is replaced with a mechanical or biological one.
3. Lifestyle Changes for Better Heart Health
Whether you have mild or severe MR, these steps can help:
Eat a heart-healthy diet (low salt, high in fruits, vegetables, and whole grains).
Exercise regularly (as advised by your doctor).
Avoid smoking and limit alcohol.
Manage stress through relaxation techniques like yoga or meditation.
Monitor blood pressure and keep it under control.
When to See a Doctor?
Seek medical attention if you notice:
Worsening shortness of breath
Sudden weight gain (due to fluid retention)
Severe fatigue or chest pain
Early intervention can prevent complications like heart failure or irregular heartbeats (arrhythmias).
If you suspect symptoms or have risk factors, consult a cardiologist for evaluation. Apollo 24|7 offers expert consultations and diagnostic tests to help you stay on top of your heart health.
Conclusion
Mitral regurgitation is a serious but manageable heart valve condition that can significantly impact overall heart function if left untreated. Early diagnosis, regular monitoring, and appropriate treatment ranging from medication to surgical intervention can help control symptoms, prevent complications, and improve quality of life.
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