Placenta Previa Overview and Management
Learn about placenta previa, its types, causes, symptoms, and how it's managed during pregnancy. Get expert tips on staying safe and knowing when to seek medical help.
Written by Dr. M L Ezhilarasan
Reviewed by Dr. D Bhanu Prakash MBBS, AFIH, Advanced certificate in critical care medicine, Fellowship in critical care medicine
Last updated on 24th Aug, 2025
Pregnancy is a beautiful journey, but it can sometimes come with unexpected challenges. One such condition is placenta previa, which affects some expecting mothers. If you or someone you know has been diagnosed with this condition, it’s natural to feel concerned. However, with the right information and care, placenta previa can be managed effectively.
This article will help you understand what placenta previa is, its symptoms, causes, and how it can be managed for a safe pregnancy.
What Is Placenta Previa?
The placenta is an organ that develops in the uterus during pregnancy, providing oxygen and nutrients to the baby. Normally, the placenta attaches to the upper part of the uterus. However, in placenta previa, the placenta partially or completely covers the cervix (the opening of the uterus).
This condition can cause bleeding, especially in the later stages of pregnancy, and may require special medical attention.
Types of Placenta Previa
There are three main types of placenta previa:
1. Complete Placenta Previa – The placenta completely covers the cervix.
2. Partial Placenta Previa – The placenta partially covers the cervix.
3. Marginal Placenta Previa – The placenta is near the edge of the cervix but does not cover it.
The severity of symptoms and risks depends on the type.
Symptoms of Placenta Previa
The most common symptom is painless vaginal bleeding, usually in the second or third trimester. Other signs may include:
Bright red bleeding (may be light or heavy)
Cramping or contractions (in some cases)
Bleeding after intercourse
If you experience any bleeding during pregnancy, contact your doctor immediately.
Causes and Risk Factors
The exact cause of placenta previa is unknown, but certain factors increase the risk:
Previous C-section or uterine surgery – Scarring in the uterus can affect placenta placement.
Multiple pregnancies – Women carrying twins or more are at higher risk.
Advanced maternal age – Women over 35 have a slightly higher risk.
Smoking or drug use – These habits may contribute to abnormal placenta development.
Previous placenta previa – If you’ve had it before, the risk increases in future pregnancies.
How Does Placenta Previa Affect Pregnancy?
Placenta previa can lead to complications, including:
Heavy bleeding (hemorrhage) – This can be dangerous for both mother and baby.
Premature birth – If bleeding is severe, early delivery may be necessary.
Placenta accreta – A rare but serious condition where the placenta grows too deeply into the uterine wall.
However, with proper monitoring and care, many women with placenta previa deliver healthy babies.
Diagnosis and Monitoring
Placenta previa is usually detected during a routine ultrasound (often the 20-week anatomy scan). If diagnosed, your doctor will monitor you closely with:
Regular ultrasounds – To check the placenta’s position.
Pelvic exams (avoided if possible) – To prevent triggering bleeding.
Monitoring for bleeding or contractions – Any bleeding should be reported immediately.
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Management and Treatment
Treatment depends on the severity, gestational age, and amount of bleeding.
1. Mild Cases (No Bleeding or Light Bleeding)
Bed rest – Reduced physical activity may be advised.
Avoiding heavy lifting, exercise, or sex – To prevent bleeding.
Regular check-ups – To monitor the placenta’s position.
2. Moderate to Severe Cases (Heavy Bleeding)
Hospitalization – If bleeding is heavy, you may need hospital care.
Blood transfusions – In cases of significant blood loss.
Corticosteroids – If early delivery is likely, these help the baby’s lungs mature.
3. Delivery
Most women with placenta previa require a C-section, especially if the placenta covers the cervix. Vaginal delivery can cause severe bleeding.
Lifestyle Tips for Managing Placenta Previa
Rest as much as possible – Avoid strenuous activities.
Stay hydrated and eat a balanced diet – Supports overall health.
Avoid lifting heavy objects – Reduces strain.
Monitor for bleeding – Report any changes to your doctor.
Follow medical advice strictly – Attend all scheduled check-ups.
When to Seek Emergency Help
Call your doctor or go to the hospital immediately if you experience:
Heavy vaginal bleeding
Severe abdominal pain
Contractions before 37 weeks
Final Thoughts
Placenta previa can be concerning, but with proper medical care, most women have successful pregnancies. Early diagnosis, regular monitoring, and following your doctor’s advice are key to managing this condition.
If you suspect placenta previa or have any pregnancy-related concerns, consult a specialist. Apollo 24|7 offers expert care and consultations to ensure a safe and healthy pregnancy journey.
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