Respiratory Syncytial Virus: Symptoms and Treatment

Introduction

Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) is a common respiratory virus that affects people of all ages, but it can be especially serious for infants, older adults, and those with weakened immune systems. While most cases are mild and resemble a common cold, RSV can sometimes lead to severe respiratory infections.

What is Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV)?

RSV is a virus that infects the lungs and breathing passages. It is highly contagious and spreads easily through coughs, sneezes, or touching contaminated surfaces. Most people recover within a week or two, but for some, RSV can cause serious complications like bronchiolitis (inflammation of small airways in the lungs) or pneumonia.

Common Symptoms of RSV

Symptoms usually appear 4–6 days after infection and can range from mild to severe. Common signs include:

• Mild Symptoms (Similar to a Cold)

• Runny or stuffy nose

• Sneezing

• Mild cough

• Sore throat

• Low-grade fever

• Headache

Severe Symptoms (Requiring Medical Attention)

• High fever

• Wheezing or difficulty breathing

• Rapid breathing

• Bluish tint on lips or nails (due to lack of oxygen)

• Extreme tiredness or irritability (especially in infants)

Note: Infants may show different symptoms, such as poor feeding, lethargy, or pauses in breathing (apnea).

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Who is at Higher Risk?

While RSV can affect anyone, some groups are more vulnerable to severe illness:

• Infants (especially premature babies)

• Older adults (65+ years)

• People with chronic lung or heart conditions

• Individuals with weakened immune systems

If you or a loved one falls into these categories, extra precautions are necessary to prevent infection.

How Does RSV Spread?

RSV spreads through:

• Airborne droplets (when an infected person coughs or sneezes)

• Direct contact (touching an infected person and then your face)

• Contaminated surfaces (doorknobs, toys, etc.)

• The virus can survive on surfaces for several hours, making hand hygiene crucial.

Treatment for RSV

Since RSV is a virus, antibiotics won’t help. Treatment focuses on relieving symptoms and includes:

Home Care for Mild Cases

• Stay hydrated: Drink plenty of fluids (water, warm soups, herbal teas).

• Rest: Allow your body to recover.

• Use a humidifier: Helps ease congestion.

• Saline nasal drops: Useful for infants with stuffy noses.

• Over-the-counter fever reducers: Like acetaminophen or ibuprofen (consult a doctor before giving to children).

Medical Treatment for Severe Cases

• Hospitalisation (for severe breathing difficulties)

• Oxygen therapy (if oxygen levels are low)

• IV fluids (for dehydration)

• Antiviral medications (in rare cases for high-risk patients)

How to Prevent RSV Infection?

Prevention is key, especially for high-risk individuals. Follow these steps:

1. Wash Hands Frequently

• Use soap and water for at least 20 seconds.

• Use hand sanitiser if soap isn’t available.

2. Avoid Close Contact with Sick People

• Stay away from those with cold-like symptoms.

• If you’re sick, cover coughs and sneezes with a tissue or elbow.

3. Keep Surfaces Clean

• Disinfect frequently touched objects (phones, doorknobs, toys).

4. Avoid Smoking Around Children

• Smoke exposure increases the risk of severe RSV.

5. Consider RSV Vaccination (for High-Risk Groups)

• A new RSV vaccine is available for older adults (60+) and pregnant women (to protect newborns).

When to See a Doctor?

Seek medical help if you or your child experience:

• Trouble breathing or fast breathing

• High fever (above 100.4°F in infants, 103°F in adults)

• Signs of dehydration (dry mouth, no tears when crying, little urine output)

• Worsening cough or wheezing

If you suspect RSV in a high-risk individual, consult a doctor immediately.

Conclusion

RSV is a common but sometimes serious respiratory infection. While most people recover with rest and home care, infants, older adults, and those with chronic conditions need extra protection. Simple steps like handwashing, avoiding sick contacts, and keeping surfaces clean can help prevent infection.

If you or a loved one is at risk, consider speaking to a healthcare provider about preventive measures like the RSV vaccine. Book a consultation with an Apollo24|7 specialist today for personalised care and guidance.