Scrub Typhus Overview and Management
Get a clear overview of Scrub Typhus. Learn about its bacterial causes, common symptoms, and effective management and treatment options for this infectious disease.
Written by Dr. J T Hema Pratima
Reviewed by Dr. D Bhanu Prakash MBBS, AFIH, Advanced certificate in critical care medicine, Fellowship in critical care medicine
Last updated on 9th Aug, 2025
Scrub typhus is a bacterial infection caused by Orientia tsutsugamushi, which spreads through the bite of infected chiggers (larval mites). It is common in rural areas of Asia, including India, especially during the rainy season. While it can be serious if left untreated, early diagnosis and proper care can lead to a full recovery.
What is Scrub Typhus?
Scrub typhus is a type of typhus caused by bacteria transmitted by tiny mites found in grassy and forested areas. When these mites bite humans, they introduce the bacteria into the bloodstream, leading to infection.
Symptoms of Scrub Typhus
Symptoms usually appear within 6–10 days after a mite bite and may include:
High fever (often above 102°F)
Headache and body aches
Rash (typically starting on the trunk and spreading)
Dark, scablike wound (eschar) at the bite site
Swollen lymph nodes
Red eyes and fatigue
Nausea, vomiting, or diarrhea
In severe cases, it can lead to complications like pneumonia, liver damage, or even organ failure if not treated promptly.
Causes and Risk Factors
Scrub typhus is caused by the bacteria Orientia tsutsugamushi, transmitted through chigger bites. People at higher risk include:
Those living or working in rural, forested, or grassy areas
Farmers, campers, and outdoor workers
Individuals with weakened immune systems
How Does Scrub Typhus Affect Health?
If untreated, scrub typhus can lead to:
Severe fever and dehydration
Liver and kidney dysfunction
Respiratory distress
Meningitis (inflammation of brain membranes)
Multiorgan failure in extreme cases
Early treatment with antibiotics can prevent these complications.
Diagnosis and Treatment
Doctors diagnose scrub typhus through:
Physical examination (checking for eschar and symptoms)
Blood tests (to detect antibodies or bacterial DNA)
Treatment involves antibiotics like:
Doxycycline (most effective)
Azithromycin (for pregnant women and children)
Most patients recover fully within a few days of starting treatment.
Consult a Top General Physician for the best advice
Prevention Tips
Since there is no vaccine, prevention is key:
1. Avoid miteinfested areas – Stay away from tall grass and bushes.
2. Wear protective clothing – Long sleeves, pants, and insect repellents (containing DEET).
3. Check for mites – Shower and change clothes after outdoor activities.
4. Keep surroundings clean – Clear bushes and reduce rodent populations near homes.
When to See a Doctor?
If you experience:
Persistent high fever with chills
Unexplained rash or eschar
Severe headache or muscle pain
Consult a doctor immediately, especially if you’ve been in rural or forested areas.
How Apollo24|7 Can Help?
If you suspect scrub typhus, Apollo24|7 offers:
Online consultations with infectious disease specialists
Lab tests for quick diagnosis
Home delivery of prescribed medications
Book a consultation or schedule a test easily through the Apollo24|7 app or website for timely care.
Final Thoughts
Scrub typhus is a treatable infection, but early detection is crucial. By taking preventive measures and seeking medical help at the first sign of symptoms, you can avoid complications and recover quickly. Stay safe, especially in high-risk areas, and don’t hesitate to reach out to healthcare providers if needed.
Would you like to speak to a doctor or book a test? Visit Apollo24|7 today for expert care!
Consult a Top General Physician for the best advice
Consult a Top General Physician for the best advice
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