Semen Analysis Test Overview and Procedure
Know about the semen analysis test, what it is, why it's done, how to get the test done, test result analysis and how to improve sperm health.
Written by Dr. Mohammed Kamran
Reviewed by Dr. D Bhanu Prakash MBBS, AFIH, Advanced certificate in critical care medicine, Fellowship in critical care medicine
Last updated on 31st Aug, 2025
Introduction
If you and your partner are trying to conceive but facing difficulties, a semen analysis test can provide valuable insights into male fertility. This simple yet important test helps doctors understand sperm health, count, and movement, which are key factors in conception.
In this article, we’ll explain what a semen analysis test is, why it’s done, how it’s performed, and what the results mean—all in simple, easy-to-understand terms.
What is a Semen Analysis Test?
A semen analysis test, also called a sperm count test, examines a man’s semen to evaluate sperm health. The test checks:
Sperm count – How many sperm are present?
Sperm motility (movement) – How well do the sperm move?
Sperm morphology (shape & size) – Are the sperm normally shaped?
Volume of semen – Is the amount of semen normal?
Liquefaction time – How quickly does semen turn from thick to liquid?
pH level – Is the semen too acidic or alkaline?
These factors help doctors determine if there are any issues affecting fertility.
Why is a Semen Analysis Test Done?
A semen analysis is usually recommended if:
A couple has been trying to conceive for 6-12 months without success.
There’s a history of male infertility or reproductive health concerns.
A man has had a vasectomy (to confirm no sperm is present).
A man is considering sperm freezing (for future fertility preservation).
Consult a Urology Doctor for Personalised Advice
How to Prepare for the Test?
To get accurate results, follow these guidelines before the test:
Avoid ejaculation for 2-5 days before the test (to ensure a good sperm sample).
Do not consume alcohol, tobacco, or recreational drugs for at least 3-5 days.
Inform your doctor if you’re taking any medications or supplements.
Avoid excessive heat (hot tubs, saunas, tight underwear) as heat can affect sperm production.
How is the Semen Sample Collected?
The semen sample is usually collected through masturbation in a private room at the clinic or at home (if the sample can be delivered within 30-60 minutes).
Steps Involved:
1. Clean hands and genitals before collection to avoid contamination.
2. Use a sterile container provided by the lab.
3. Collect the entire sample (avoid missing any part).
4. Keep the sample at body temperature (not too hot or cold).
5. Deliver it to the lab quickly (within an hour for best results).
Note: If collecting at home, follow the lab’s instructions carefully.
Understanding the Results
After testing, your doctor will explain the results. Here’s what normal and abnormal results may indicate:
Normal Semen Analysis Results (WHO Guidelines)
| Parameter | Normal Range |
| Volume | 1.5 mL or more |
| Sperm Count | 15 million/mL or more |
| Motility | 40% or more moving sperm |
| Morphology | 4% or more normal-shaped sperm |
| pH Level | 7.2 - 8.0 |
What Abnormal Results May Mean:
It includes
Low sperm count (Oligospermia) – Fewer than 15 million sperm/mL.
Poor motility (Asthenospermia) – Sperm don’t swim well.
Abnormal morphology (Teratospermia) – Sperm are misshapen.
No sperm (Azoospermia) – Could be due to blockages or hormonal issues.
If results are abnormal, your doctor may recommend:
Repeat testing (since sperm counts can vary).
Hormone tests (to check testosterone levels).
Genetic testing (if a genetic cause is suspected).
Imaging tests (like ultrasound) to check for blockages
Tips to Improve Sperm Health
If your results show minor issues, these lifestyle changes may help:
Eat a balanced diet – Include zinc (nuts, seeds), antioxidants (berries), and omega-3s (fish).
Exercise regularly – But avoid excessive cycling (can reduce sperm count).
Avoid smoking & alcohol – Both can lower sperm quality
Reduce stress – High stress affects hormones and sperm production.
Wear loose underwear – Tight clothes increase scrotal temperature.
When to See a Doctor?
If you and your partner are struggling with conception, consult a fertility specialist. A semen analysis is just the first step—your doctor can guide you on further tests or treatments like:
Medications (to boost sperm production).
Surgery (if there’s a blockage).
Assisted reproductive techniques (ART) like IVF or IUI.
Final Thoughts
A semen analysis is a simple yet powerful test that helps uncover potential fertility issues. If you’re facing conception challenges, don’t hesitate to get tested. Early diagnosis and lifestyle changes can make a big difference.
Consult a Urology Doctor for Personalised Advice
Consult a Urology Doctor for Personalised Advice
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