Symptoms, Causes, and Treatment of Atelectasis
Atelectasis is a condition where part of the lung collapses, causing breathing difficulty. Learn its symptoms, causes, treatment options, and prevention tips.
Written by Dr. Dhankecha Mayank Dineshbhai
Reviewed by Dr. Md Yusuf Shareef MBBS
Last updated on 21st Aug, 2025
Atelectasis is a medical condition where a part or all of a lung collapses, making it difficult for the affected area to expand and take in oxygen properly. While it can sound alarming, understanding its symptoms, causes, and treatment options can help you manage it effectively.
What is Atelectasis?
Atelectasis occurs when the tiny air sacs (alveoli) in the lungs deflate or fill with fluid, preventing normal breathing. It can affect a small portion of the lung or, in severe cases, an entire lung. This condition is common after surgery, especially chest or abdominal procedures, but it can also develop due to other underlying health issues.
Symptoms of Atelectasis
The symptoms of atelectasis can vary depending on how much of the lung is affected. Some people may not notice any symptoms if only a small area is involved, while others may experience:
- Shortness of breath (especially during physical activity)
- Rapid, shallow breathing
- Chest pain (usually on the affected side)
- Persistent cough (sometimes with mucus)
- Low oxygen levels (leading to bluish skin in severe cases)
- Fever (if an infection develops)
If you experience sudden difficulty breathing or severe chest pain, seek medical attention immediately, as it could indicate a serious complication.
Common Causes of Atelectasis
Atelectasis can develop due to several reasons, including:
1. Blockage in the Airway (Obstructive Atelectasis)
- Mucus plugs (common in people with asthma, COPD, or cystic fibrosis).
- Foreign objects (accidentally inhaled, especially in children).
- Tumors or growths blocking the airway.
2. Pressure on the Lung (Non-Obstructive Atelectasis)
- Surgery (especially chest or abdominal procedures).
- Pleural effusion (fluid buildup around the lungs).
- Pneumothorax (collapsed lung due to air leakage).
- Injury or trauma to the chest.
3. Other Causes
- Shallow breathing (due to pain, sedation, or prolonged bed rest).
- Lung scarring (from infections like tuberculosis or pneumonia).
- Nerve or muscle disorders that weaken breathing muscles.
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How Atelectasis Affects Your Health
When a part of the lung collapses, oxygen exchange is reduced, leading to lower oxygen levels in the blood. If left untreated, it can cause complications like:
- Pneumonia (due to trapped mucus and bacteria).
- Chronic lung infections.
- Respiratory failure (in severe cases).
Early diagnosis and treatment can prevent these complications and help restore normal lung function.
Diagnosis and Treatment
If your doctor suspects atelectasis, they may recommend:
- Chest X-ray or CT scan – To visualize the collapsed area.
- Bronchoscopy – A thin tube with a camera to check for blockages.
- Pulse oximetry – To measure oxygen levels in the blood.
Treatment Options
The treatment depends on the cause and severity of the condition:
1. Non-Surgical Treatments
- Deep breathing exercises – Helps reopen collapsed air sacs.
- Chest physiotherapy – Techniques like clapping or vibration to loosen mucus.
- Incentive spirometry – A device to encourage deep breathing.
- Bronchodilators – Inhalers to open airways (if caused by asthma or COPD).
- Antibiotics – If an infection is present.
2. Surgical or Medical Procedures
- Bronchoscopy – To remove mucus plugs or foreign objects.
- Draining fluid or air – If pleural effusion or pneumothorax is the cause.
- Oxygen therapy – For severe cases with low oxygen levels.
Prevention and Lifestyle Tips
You can reduce the risk of atelectasis by:
- Moving after surgery – Walking and deep breathing help keep lungs clear.
- Quitting smoking – Smoking increases mucus production and lung damage.
- Staying hydrated – Drinking water thins mucus, making it easier to cough up.
- Using an incentive spirometer – Especially after surgery or prolonged bed rest.
- Practicing deep breathing exercises – Helps keep lungs fully expanded.
When to See a Doctor
If you experience:
- Sudden shortness of breath.
- High fever with breathing difficulties.
- Persistent chest pain or coughing up blood.
Seek medical help immediately. Early intervention can prevent complications.
Need Expert Advice?
If you or a loved one is experiencing symptoms of atelectasis, consult a pulmonologist for proper diagnosis and treatment. You can book an appointment with Apollo 24|7 for expert care and guidance.
Conclusion
Atelectasis is manageable with the right approach. By understanding its causes, symptoms, and treatments, you can take proactive steps to protect your lung health.
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Dr. Gaddam Manoj
General Practitioner
1 Years • MBBS
Hyderabad
Aaradhya clinic, Hyderabad
Dr. Sahana B
General Practitioner
3 Years • MBBS
Koppal
Khushi multi-speciality hospital, Koppal
Dr Suseela
General Physician
5 Years • MBBS
Bengaluru
Apollo Medical Center, Marathahalli, Bengaluru
Dr. Mohammed Huzef Ul Arifeen
General Practitioner
3 Years • MBBS
Hyderabad
Apollo 24|7 Clinic - Telangana, Hyderabad
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General Practitioner
15 Years • MBBS
Angamaly
Apollo 24|7 Clinic - Kerala, Angamaly
(425+ Patients)
