Types of Jaundice: A Comprehensive Overview

Jaundice is a common condition that causes yellowing of the skin, eyes, and mucous membranes due to high levels of bilirubin—a yellow pigment produced during the breakdown of red blood cells. While jaundice itself is not a disease, it is a sign of an underlying health issue affecting the liver, gallbladder, or blood.

Understanding the different types of jaundice can help identify the root cause and guide appropriate treatment. In this article, we’ll explore the three main types of jaundice, their causes, symptoms, and ways to manage them effectively.

1. Pre-Hepatic (Hemolytic) Jaundice

Pre-hepatic jaundice occurs when there is an excessive breakdown of red blood cells (hemolysis), leading to an overload of bilirubin in the bloodstream. The liver cannot process this excess bilirubin fast enough, causing it to accumulate.

Common causes include:

• Blood disorders like sickle cell anaemia or thalassemia

• Malaria or other infections

• Autoimmune diseases

• Certain medications

Symptoms

• Yellow skin and eyes

• Dark urine (due to excess bilirubin excretion)

• Pale stools (less bilirubin reaching the intestines)

• Fatigue and weakness

Management & Treatment

• Treating the underlying condition (e.g., medications for malaria or anaemia)

• Blood transfusions in severe cases

• Staying hydrated and eating a balanced diet

2. Hepatic (Liver) Jaundice

Hepatic jaundice occurs when the liver is damaged or diseased, reducing its ability to process bilirubin effectively. This can happen due to infections, toxins, or chronic liver conditions.

Common causes include:

• Hepatitis (A, B, C, or alcoholic hepatitis)

• Cirrhosis (scarring of the liver)

• Liver cancer

• Certain medications or toxins

Symptoms

• Yellowing of skin and eyes

• Fatigue and nausea

• Abdominal pain and swelling

• Itchy skin

• Loss of appetite

Management & Treatment

• Treating the underlying liver disease (antivirals for hepatitis, lifestyle changes for alcoholic liver disease)

• Avoiding alcohol and liver-damaging medications

• Eating a liver-friendly diet (low-fat, high-fibre, plenty of fruits and vegetables)

• Regular monitoring of liver function

3. Post-Hepatic (Obstructive) Jaundice

Post-hepatic jaundice happens when there is a blockage in the bile ducts, preventing bilirubin from being excreted into the intestines. This leads to a buildup of bilirubin in the blood.

Common causes include:

• Gallstones

• Pancreatic cancer or tumours

• Bile duct inflammation or strictures

• Infections like cholangitis

Symptoms

• Yellow skin and eyes

• Dark urine and pale stools

• Severe itching

• Abdominal pain (especially on the right side)

• Fever (if infection is present)

Management & Treatment

• Removing the blockage (surgery for gallstones, stents for tumours)

• Antibiotics if an infection is present

• Pain management and supportive care

• Eating a low-fat diet to reduce bile duct strain

When to See a Doctor?

Jaundice should never be ignored, especially if accompanied by:

• Severe abdominal pain

• High fever or chills

• Confusion or drowsiness

• Persistent vomiting

If you or a loved one experiences these symptoms, consult a doctor immediately. Early diagnosis and treatment can prevent complications.

Lifestyle Tips to Support Liver Health

Whether you have jaundice or want to prevent liver problems, these tips can help:

• Eat a Balanced Diet: Include fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and lean proteins. Avoid processed foods and excessive fats.

• Stay Hydrated: Water helps flush toxins from the liver.

• Limit Alcohol: Excessive alcohol damages liver cells.

• Exercise Regularly: Helps maintain a healthy weight and liver function.

• Avoid Unnecessary Medications: Some drugs can harm the liver; always consult a doctor before taking new medications.

Consult a Specialist on Apollo 24|7

If you suspect jaundice or have concerns about liver health, Apollo 24|7 offers expert consultations and diagnostic tests from the comfort of your home. Book an appointment today for timely care and guidance.

Conclusion

Jaundice is a sign that something is not right in your body, but understanding its types can help in seeking the right treatment. Whether it’s due to excessive red blood cell breakdown, liver damage, or a bile duct blockage, timely medical attention is crucial. By adopting a healthy lifestyle and staying informed, you can protect your liver and overall well-being.