Understanding Anaemia and Its Implications
Know about anaemia, its common symptoms, the causes, how it affects health and management and improvement of the condition.
Written by Dr. J T Hema Pratima
Reviewed by Dr. D Bhanu Prakash MBBS, AFIH, Advanced certificate in critical care medicine, Fellowship in critical care medicine
Last updated on 26th Aug, 2025
Introduction
Anaemia is a common health condition that affects millions of people worldwide. If you or someone you know has been diagnosed with anaemia, you might have questions about what it means, how it affects your health, and what you can do to manage it. This article aims to provide clear and helpful information about anaemia in simple terms.
What is Anaemia?
Anaemia occurs when your body doesn’t have enough healthy red blood cells (RBCs) or haemoglobin—the protein in RBCs that carries oxygen to your tissues. When your blood lacks sufficient oxygen, you may feel tired, weak, or short of breath.
Common Symptoms of Anaemia
Anaemia can present itself in different ways, depending on its severity. Some common symptoms include:
Fatigue and weakness – Feeling unusually tired even after rest.
Pale or yellowish skin – A noticeable change in complexion.
Shortness of breath – Difficulty breathing, especially during physical activity.
Dizziness or lightheadedness – Feeling faint or unsteady.
Cold hands and feet – Poor circulation due to low oxygen levels.
Irregular heartbeat – The heart works harder to compensate for low oxygen.
Headaches – Frequent or severe headaches may occur.
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If you experience these symptoms persistently, it’s important to consult a doctor for proper diagnosis and treatment.
What Causes Anaemia?
Anaemia can result from various factors, including:
1. Iron Deficiency (Most Common Cause)
Your body needs iron to make haemoglobin. A lack of iron in your diet or poor absorption can lead to iron-deficiency anaemia.
Common in pregnant women, growing children, and people with heavy menstrual bleeding.
2. Vitamin Deficiencies (B12 or Folate Deficiency)
Vitamin B12 and folate are essential for RBC production. A deficiency can lead to megaloblastic anaemia.
Often seen in vegetarians/vegans (B12 deficiency) or those with poor dietary intake.
3. Chronic Diseases
Conditions like kidney disease, cancer, or autoimmune disorders can interfere with RBC production.
4. Blood Loss
Heavy periods, ulcers, or internal bleeding can reduce RBC count.
5. Genetic Conditions (Like Sickle Cell Anaemia or Thalassemia)
Inherited disorders that affect haemoglobin production or RBC shape.
How Does Anaemia Affect Your Health?
If left untreated, anaemia can lead to:
Chronic fatigue – Making daily activities difficult.
Heart problems – The heart has to pump harder, increasing the risk of heart failure.
Pregnancy complications – Low iron can affect both mother and baby.
Weakened immunity – Making you more prone to infections.
Managing and Improving Anaemia
Anaemia is often manageable with the right approach. Here are some ways to improve your condition:
1. Dietary Changes
Iron-rich foods: Include spinach, lentils, red meat, beans, and fortified cereals.
Vitamin C-rich foods: Oranges, tomatoes, and bell peppers help iron absorption.
B12 & folate sources: Eggs, dairy, leafy greens, and nuts.
2. Iron Supplements (If Recommended by a Doctor)
Never self-medicate—excess iron can be harmful.
3. Treating Underlying Conditions
If anaemia is due to chronic illness, managing the primary condition is crucial.
4. Lifestyle Adjustments
Avoid excessive tea/coffee with meals (they hinder iron absorption).
Stay hydrated and exercise moderately to improve circulation.
When to See a Doctor?
If you suspect anaemia, consult a healthcare provider. They may recommend:
Blood tests (Complete Blood Count - CBC) to confirm anaemia.
Further tests to identify the cause (iron studies, vitamin levels, etc.).
Final Thoughts
Anaemia is a manageable condition with the right care. Eating a balanced diet, staying aware of symptoms, and seeking timely medical advice can make a big difference in your health. If you’re feeling unusually tired or notice any warning signs, don’t ignore them—take action and consult a doctor.
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