Understanding Thyroiditis and Its Management
Thyroiditis is an inflammation of the thyroid gland that can cause both overactive and underactive thyroid symptoms. Learn about its types, causes, symptoms, and effective treatment and lifestyle strategies for managing thyroid health.
Written by Dr. Rohinipriyanka Pondugula
Reviewed by Dr. Shaik Abdul Kalam MD (Physician)
Last updated on 26th Aug, 2025
Thyroiditis is a condition that affects the thyroid gland, a small butterfly-shaped gland in your neck responsible for producing hormones that regulate metabolism, energy levels, and overall body function. When the thyroid becomes inflamed due to thyroiditis, it can lead to hormonal imbalances, causing various symptoms that affect daily life.
This article will help you understand thyroiditis in simple terms, its symptoms, causes, and practical ways to manage it effectively.
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What Is Thyroiditis?
Thyroiditis refers to the inflammation of the thyroid gland. Depending on the type, it can cause temporary or long-term changes in thyroid function. There are several types of thyroiditis, including:
1. Hashimoto’s Thyroiditis – An autoimmune disorder where the immune system attacks the thyroid, leading to gradual and permanent underactivity (hypothyroidism).
2. Subacute Thyroiditis (De Quervain’s Thyroiditis) – Often triggered by a viral infection, causing temporary pain and fluctuating thyroid hormone levels.
3. Postpartum Thyroiditis – Occurs in some women after childbirth, leading to temporary hyperthyroidism (overactive thyroid) followed by hypothyroidism.
4. Silent Thyroiditis – Similar to postpartum thyroiditis but not related to pregnancy; it may resolve on its own.
5. Acute (Infectious) Thyroiditis – Caused by a bacterial infection, leading to sudden pain and swelling.
Each type has different causes and treatments, so proper diagnosis is essential.
Symptoms of Thyroiditis
Thyroiditis symptoms vary depending on whether the thyroid is overactive (hyperthyroidism), underactive (hypothyroidism), or inflamed. Common symptoms include:
- Hyperthyroid Phase (Early Stage in Some Types)
- Rapid heartbeat or palpitations
- Weight loss despite normal eating
- Anxiety, irritability, or nervousness
- Tremors in hands
- Heat intolerance and excessive sweating
- Fatigue and muscle weakness
- Hypothyroid Phase (Later Stage or Chronic Cases)
- Fatigue and sluggishness
- Unexplained weight gain
- Dry skin and hair loss
- Feeling cold all the time
- Depression or low mood
- Constipation
- Memory problems and brain fog
- General Symptoms of Thyroid Inflammation
- Swelling or tenderness in the neck
- Difficulty swallowing or hoarse voice (if the gland is enlarged)
- If you experience these symptoms, it’s important to consult a doctor for proper evaluation.
What Causes Thyroiditis?
The causes depend on the type of thyroiditis:
- Autoimmune Disorders (Hashimoto’s Thyroiditis) – The immune system mistakenly attacks the thyroid, leading to chronic inflammation.
- Viral or Bacterial Infections – Some thyroiditis cases occur after an infection, such as a cold or flu.
- Pregnancy (Postpartum Thyroiditis) – Hormonal changes after childbirth can trigger thyroid inflammation.
- Radiation or Medications – Certain treatments (like radiation therapy for cancer) can damage the thyroid.
- Genetic Factors – A family history of thyroid disease increases the risk.
How Thyroiditis Affects Your Health
Untreated thyroiditis can lead to long-term complications:
- Hypothyroidism (Underactive Thyroid) – If left untreated, it can cause high cholesterol, heart disease, and severe fatigue.
- Hyperthyroidism (Overactive Thyroid) – Can lead to heart problems, osteoporosis, and anxiety disorders.
- Goiter (Enlarged Thyroid) – May cause discomfort in the neck and difficulty swallowing.
- Pregnancy Complications – Untreated thyroid issues can affect fetal development and increase miscarriage risk.
- The good news is that with proper diagnosis and treatment, most people with thyroiditis can lead a healthy, normal life.
Managing Thyroiditis: Lifestyle and Treatment Tips
1. Medical Treatment
- Hormone Replacement (For Hypothyroidism) – Levothyroxine is commonly prescribed to restore normal hormone levels.
- Anti-inflammatory Medications (For Painful Thyroiditis) – NSAIDs or corticosteroids may help reduce inflammation.
- Beta-blockers (For Hyperthyroid Symptoms) – Used temporarily to control rapid heartbeat and tremors.
- Always follow your doctor’s advice and take medications as prescribed.
2. Diet and Nutrition
- Iodine Balance – Too much or too little iodine can affect thyroid function. Avoid excessive seaweed or iodized salt unless advised.
Selenium-Rich Foods – Brazil nuts, fish, and eggs support thyroid health. - Anti-Inflammatory Diet – Include fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and omega-3 fatty acids (found in fish and flaxseeds).
Limit Processed Foods – Reduce sugar, refined carbs, and unhealthy fats.
3. Exercise and Stress Management
- Moderate Exercise – Helps boost metabolism and energy levels. Yoga and walking are great options.
- Stress Reduction – Chronic stress can worsen thyroid issues. Try meditation, deep breathing, or hobbies you enjoy.
4. Regular Monitoring
- Get periodic thyroid function tests (TFTs) to monitor hormone levels.
- Watch for symptom changes and report them to your doctor.
When to See a Doctor
If you experience persistent fatigue, unexplained weight changes, neck swelling, or mood disturbances, consult a healthcare provider. Early diagnosis and treatment can prevent complications.
At Apollo 24|7, you can easily book a thyroid function test or consult an endocrinologist for personalized care. Early intervention makes a big difference in managing thyroiditis effectively.
Final Thoughts
Thyroiditis is a manageable condition with the right approach. By understanding your symptoms, following medical advice, and making healthy lifestyle choices, you can maintain good thyroid health and overall well-being. If you suspect thyroid issues, don’t hesitate to seek medical guidance. Your thyroid plays a crucial role in keeping your body balanced
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General Practitioner
1 Years • MBBS
Hyderabad
Aaradhya clinic, Hyderabad
Dr. Avinash Pasuparthy
General Practitioner
5 Years • MBBS
Visakhapatnam
Apollo Clinic Vizag, Visakhapatnam
Dr. Riti Srivastava
General Practitioner
12 Years • MD (Physician)
Gautam Buddha Nagar
Shri Krishna Clinic, Gautam Buddha Nagar
Dr. Pankaj Tripathi
General Practitioner
20 Years • MBBS, MD Pathology
Lucknow
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Bengaluru
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