Heat Stroke Symptoms, Causes, and Treatment
Know about heat stroke, symptoms, causes and treatment. Learn about first aid and how to prevent heat stroke.
Written by Dr. Mohammed Kamran
Reviewed by Dr. D Bhanu Prakash MBBS, AFIH, Advanced certificate in critical care medicine, Fellowship in critical care medicine
Last updated on 22nd Aug, 2025
Introduction
Summer brings sunshine, outdoor activities, and fun, but it also comes with the risk of heat-related illnesses like heat stroke. Heat stroke is a serious condition that occurs when your body overheats, usually due to prolonged exposure to high temperatures or physical exertion in hot weather. If not treated promptly, it can be life-threatening.
This article will help you understand the symptoms, causes, and treatment of heat stroke, along with prevention tips to stay safe in the heat.
What Is Heat Stroke?
Heat stroke is the most severe form of heat-related illness. It happens when your body’s temperature rises to 104°F (40°C) or higher due to excessive heat exposure. Unlike heat exhaustion (a milder condition), heat stroke requires immediate medical attention because it can damage your brain, heart, kidneys, and muscles.
Consult a General Practitioner for Personalised Advice
Types of Heat Stroke
1. Exertional Heat Stroke – Caused by intense physical activity in hot weather (common in athletes, labourers, or military personnel).
2. Non-Exertional (Classic) Heat Stroke – Occurs due to prolonged exposure to a hot environment, especially in elderly people, infants, or those with chronic illnesses.
Symptoms of Heat Stroke
Recognising the signs early can save a life. Look out for these warning symptoms:
• High body temperature (104°F or higher)
• Hot, dry skin (no sweating, despite the heat)
• Rapid, strong pulse
• Throbbing headache
• Dizziness, nausea, or vomiting
• Confusion, slurred speech, or agitation
• Loss of consciousness or seizures
When to Seek Emergency Help?
If someone shows these symptoms, call for medical help immediately while trying to cool them down.
What Causes Heat Stroke?
Heat stroke occurs when the body fails to regulate its temperature. Common causes include:
• Hot Weather Exposure – Being outdoors for long hours in high temperatures.
• Dehydration – Not drinking enough water reduces sweating, making it harder to cool down.
• Strenuous Exercise – Overexertion in heat (e.g., athletes, construction workers).
• Alcohol or Caffeine – These can dehydrate the body faster.
• Certain Medications – Diuretics, antihistamines, and some antidepressants can increase heat sensitivity.
• Chronic Conditions – Heart disease, obesity, and diabetes raise the risk.
Who Is at Higher Risk?
It includes:
• Infants & young children
• Elderly (65+ years)
• People with chronic illnesses
• Athletes & outdoor workers
First Aid & Treatment for Heat Stroke
Heat stroke is a medical emergency. While waiting for help, take these steps:
1. Move to a Cooler Place – Get the person indoors or into the shade.
2. Lower Body Temperature –
• Use cool water, ice packs, or wet cloths on the neck, armpits, and groin.
• Fan air over them while misting with water.
3. Hydrate – If conscious, give cool water or ORS (Oral Rehydration Solution).
4. Avoid Alcohol or Caffeine – These worsen dehydration.
5. Monitor Breathing – If unconscious, check for breathing and perform CPR if needed.
Hospital Treatment May Include:
• IV fluids for rehydration
• Cooling blankets or ice baths
• Monitoring for organ damage
How to Prevent Heat Stroke?
Prevention is the best way to stay safe in hot weather. Follow these simple tips:
• Stay Hydrated – Drink plenty of water (even if not thirsty). Avoid alcohol & sugary drinks.
• Wear Light Clothing – Choose loose, light-colored, breathable fabrics.
• Avoid Peak Sun Hours – Stay indoors between 10 AM – 4 PM when the sun is strongest.
• Use Sun Protection – Wear a hat, sunglasses, and sunscreen (SPF 30+).
• Take Breaks in Shade – If working outside, rest in cool areas frequently.
• Never Leave Anyone in a Parked Car – Temperatures inside a car can rise dangerously within minutes.
• Check on Vulnerable People – Elderly, infants, and sick individuals need extra care.
When to See a Doctor?
If you or someone else experiences:
• High fever (above 104°F)
• Confusion or fainting
• No improvement after cooling measures
Seek emergency care immediately.
Final Thoughts
Heat stroke is dangerous but preventable. By staying hydrated, avoiding extreme heat, and recognising early symptoms, you can enjoy summer safely. If you suspect heat stroke, act fast; it could save a life!
Consult a General Practitioner for Personalised Advice
Consult a General Practitioner for Personalised Advice
Dr. Swathi Reddy Perugu
General Physician/ Internal Medicine Specialist
7 Years • MBBS, MD (General Medicine)
Hyderabad
Health plus, Hyderabad
Dr. Mohamed Azeem
General Physician/ Internal Medicine Specialist
2 Years • MBBS,MD(Internal Medicine) CCEBDM
Karaikudi
Apollo Hospitals Karaikudi, Karaikudi
Dr Bhumika Lalwani
General Surgeon
4 Years • MBBS MS
Bengaluru
PRESTIGE SHANTHINIKETAN - SOCIETY CLINIC, Bengaluru
Dr. Sujay P R
General Physician/ Internal Medicine Specialist
3 Years • MBBS
Bengaluru
PRESTIGE SHANTHINIKETAN - SOCIETY CLINIC, Bengaluru
Dr. B Shilpa Naidu
General Physician/ Internal Medicine Specialist
9 Years • MBBS, MD GENERAL MEDICINE
Bengaluru
Apollo Medical Center, Marathahalli, Bengaluru
(50+ Patients)
Consult a General Practitioner for Personalised Advice
Dr. Swathi Reddy Perugu
General Physician/ Internal Medicine Specialist
7 Years • MBBS, MD (General Medicine)
Hyderabad
Health plus, Hyderabad
Dr. Mohamed Azeem
General Physician/ Internal Medicine Specialist
2 Years • MBBS,MD(Internal Medicine) CCEBDM
Karaikudi
Apollo Hospitals Karaikudi, Karaikudi
Dr Bhumika Lalwani
General Surgeon
4 Years • MBBS MS
Bengaluru
PRESTIGE SHANTHINIKETAN - SOCIETY CLINIC, Bengaluru
Dr. Sujay P R
General Physician/ Internal Medicine Specialist
3 Years • MBBS
Bengaluru
PRESTIGE SHANTHINIKETAN - SOCIETY CLINIC, Bengaluru
Dr. B Shilpa Naidu
General Physician/ Internal Medicine Specialist
9 Years • MBBS, MD GENERAL MEDICINE
Bengaluru
Apollo Medical Center, Marathahalli, Bengaluru
(50+ Patients)
