Hepatitis B Information and Overview
Learn about Hepatitis B in this detailed overview, including causes, symptoms, how it spreads, prevention methods, risk factors, diagnosis, and available treatments to effectively manage this serious viral infection.
Written by Dr. Rohinipriyanka Pondugula
Reviewed by Dr. Shaik Abdul Kalam MD (Physician)
Last updated on 21st Aug, 2025
Hepatitis B is a liver infection caused by the Hepatitis B virus (HBV). It can range from a mild illness lasting a few weeks to a serious, long-term condition that may lead to liver damage, cirrhosis, or even liver cancer. The good news is that Hepatitis B can be prevented with vaccination and managed effectively with proper care.
If you or someone you know has been diagnosed with Hepatitis B, don’t worry—this guide will help you understand the condition, its symptoms, causes, and ways to manage it effectively.
What is Hepatitis B?
Hepatitis B is a viral infection that attacks the liver. It spreads through contact with infected blood or other body fluids. Some people recover completely, while others develop a chronic (long-term) infection that requires medical attention.
Types of Hepatitis B
1. Acute Hepatitis B: A short-term illness where the body clears the virus within 6 months.
2. Chronic Hepatitis B: A long-term infection where the virus remains in the body for life, potentially causing liver damage over time.
How Does Hepatitis B Spread?
The virus spreads through:
Blood-to-blood contact (sharing needles, razors, or unsterilized medical equipment).
Mother to baby during childbirth.
Unprotected sex with an infected person.
Contact with open wounds or sores of an infected person.
Hepatitis B does NOT spread through:
Casual contact like hugging or shaking hands.
Sharing food or drinks.
Sneezing or coughing.
Symptoms of Hepatitis B
Many people with Hepatitis B may not show symptoms, especially in the early stages. When symptoms do appear, they may include:
Fatigue and weakness
Loss of appetite
Nausea and vomiting
Abdominal pain (especially near the liver)
Dark urine
Jaundice (yellowing of skin and eyes)
Joint pain
If you experience these symptoms, consult a doctor immediately. Early detection helps in better management.
Who is at Risk?
Some people are at higher risk of getting infected, including:
Babies born to infected mothers.
Healthcare workers exposed to blood.
People with multiple sexual partners.
Those who share needles or personal items like razors.
Individuals undergoing dialysis or blood transfusions (though rare due to screening).
Consult Top Specialists To Know If You’re At Risk
Diagnosis and Testing
If you suspect Hepatitis B, your doctor may recommend:
1. HBsAg Test: Detects the virus in your blood.
2. Liver Function Tests (LFTs): Checks liver damage.
3. HBV DNA Test: Measures the amount of virus in the blood.
4. Liver Ultrasound or Biopsy: Assesses liver health in chronic cases.
Early testing is crucial—especially if you’re at risk. You can easily book a Hepatitis B test on Apollo 24|7 for quick and accurate results.
Treatment Options
Here are some of the treatment options for Hepatitis B:
Acute Hepatitis B
Most people recover on their own with rest, hydration, and a healthy diet. Doctors may monitor liver function but usually don’t prescribe antiviral medications.
Chronic Hepatitis B
If the infection lasts more than 6 months, treatment may include:
Antiviral medications (e.g., Tenofovir, Entecavir) to slow the virus.
Regular liver monitoring to prevent complications.
Liver transplant in severe cases of liver failure.
Important: Never self-medicate. Always follow your doctor’s advice.
Prevention: How to Stay Safe
Here are some of the prevention tips:
1. Get Vaccinated
The Hepatitis B vaccine is the best way to prevent infection. It’s safe, effective, and usually given in 3 doses over six months.
2. Practice Safe Habits
Avoid sharing needles, razors, or toothbrushes.
Use condoms during sex.
Ensure sterilised equipment for tattoos/piercings.
3. Get Tested if at Risk
If you think you’ve been exposed, get tested immediately. Early treatment can prevent complications.
Living with Hepatitis B: Tips for a Healthy Life
If you have chronic Hepatitis B, these steps can help protect your liver:
Eat a balanced diet: Include fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and lean proteins. Avoid fatty and processed foods.
Avoid alcohol: It can worsen liver damage.
Exercise regularly: Helps maintain overall health.
Stay hydrated: Drink plenty of water.
Get regular check-ups: Monitor liver health with your doctor.
When to See a Doctor?
Consult a healthcare provider if:
You have symptoms of Hepatitis B.
You’ve been exposed to infected blood or body fluids.
You need vaccination or testing.
You can book a consultation with a liver specialist on Apollo 24|7 for expert advice and personalised care.
Conclusion
Hepatitis B is a manageable condition with the right care and precautions. Vaccination, safe practices, and regular check-ups can keep you and your loved ones protected. If you suspect an infection, don’t delay—get tested and seek medical guidance.
Book a Hepatitis B test or consult a specialist today on Apollo 24|7.
Consult Top Specialists
Consult Top Specialists To Know If You’re At Risk
Dr. Sandhya Chandel
General Physician/ Internal Medicine Specialist
16 Years • MBBS, MD (Int. Med.), IDCCM
Bilaspur
Apollo Hospitals Seepat Road, Bilaspur
(125+ Patients)
Dr. Mohamed Azeem
General Physician/ Internal Medicine Specialist
2 Years • MBBS,MD(Internal Medicine) CCEBDM
Karaikudi
Apollo Hospitals Karaikudi, Karaikudi
Dr. Harshendra Jaiswal
General Physician/ Internal Medicine Specialist
12 Years • MBBS , MD (General medicine)
Kolkata
108 DHANA DHANVANTARI Clinic, Kolkata
(25+ Patients)
Dr. Swagata Sircar
General Physician/ Internal Medicine Specialist
8 Years • MBBS, MD General Medicine
Kolkata
HealthYou Speciality Clinic & Diagnostics., Kolkata
Dr. Swarna Deepak K
General Physician/ Internal Medicine Specialist
17 Years • MBBS: MD (Internal Medicine) MRCP (UK), EDIC (European Diploma in Critical Care), IDCCM, IFCCM (Critical Care), FID (Royal Liverpool Academy)
Hyderabad
Apollo Hospitals Jubilee Hills, Hyderabad
(375+ Patients)
Consult Top Specialists
Dr. Sandhya Chandel
General Physician/ Internal Medicine Specialist
16 Years • MBBS, MD (Int. Med.), IDCCM
Bilaspur
Apollo Hospitals Seepat Road, Bilaspur
(125+ Patients)
Dr. Mohamed Azeem
General Physician/ Internal Medicine Specialist
2 Years • MBBS,MD(Internal Medicine) CCEBDM
Karaikudi
Apollo Hospitals Karaikudi, Karaikudi
Dr. Harshendra Jaiswal
General Physician/ Internal Medicine Specialist
12 Years • MBBS , MD (General medicine)
Kolkata
108 DHANA DHANVANTARI Clinic, Kolkata
(25+ Patients)
Dr. Swagata Sircar
General Physician/ Internal Medicine Specialist
8 Years • MBBS, MD General Medicine
Kolkata
HealthYou Speciality Clinic & Diagnostics., Kolkata
Dr. Swarna Deepak K
General Physician/ Internal Medicine Specialist
17 Years • MBBS: MD (Internal Medicine) MRCP (UK), EDIC (European Diploma in Critical Care), IDCCM, IFCCM (Critical Care), FID (Royal Liverpool Academy)
Hyderabad
Apollo Hospitals Jubilee Hills, Hyderabad
(375+ Patients)
