Malaria and Dengue: Differences, Symptoms, and Treatment
Explore the key differences between malaria and dengue, including their causes, symptoms, modes of transmission, diagnosis, and treatment options. Learn how to identify each illness and take preventive measures to stay safe.
Written by Dr. Rohinipriyanka Pondugula
Reviewed by Dr. M L Ezhilarasan MBBS
Last updated on 14th Aug, 2025
Introduction
Malaria and dengue are two common mosquito-borne diseases that affect millions of people worldwide, especially in tropical and subtropical regions. While both are transmitted by mosquitoes, they are caused by different pathogens and have distinct symptoms and treatments. Understanding the differences between them can help you recognize the signs early and seek timely medical care.
What Causes Malaria and Dengue?
Understanding the root causes of mosquito-borne illnesses can help in better prevention and management.
Malaria
- Cause: Malaria is caused by a parasite called Plasmodium, which is transmitted through the bite of an infected female Anopheles mosquito.
- Types: There are five species of Plasmodium that infect humans, with P. falciparum being the most dangerous.
Dengue
- Cause: Dengue is caused by the dengue virus (DENV), which is spread by the bite of an infected female Aedes aegypti mosquito.
- Types: There are four serotypes of the dengue virus (DENV-1 to DENV-4), and infection with one type does not provide immunity against the others.
Consult a Top General Physician for the best advice
Key Differences Between Malaria and Dengue
Malaria and dengue are both mosquito-borne diseases, but they differ in their causes, transmission and symptoms.
Symptoms of Malaria and Dengue
Understanding the distinct symptoms of malaria and dengue is crucial for early diagnosis and effective treatment.
Malaria Symptoms
- High fever with chills and sweating
- Headache and body aches
- Fatigue and weakness
- Nausea and vomiting
- Anemia (due to destruction of red blood cells)
- In severe cases: seizures, confusion, coma
Dengue Symptoms
- Sudden high fever (up to 104°F)
- Severe headache (especially behind the eyes)
- Muscle and joint pain (often called "breakbone fever")
- Skin rash (appearing 2–5 days after fever)
- Mild bleeding (nosebleeds, gum bleeding)
- In severe cases: abdominal pain, vomiting blood, difficulty breathing
How Are Malaria and Dengue Diagnosed?
Diagnostic methods for malaria and dengue include:
Malaria Diagnosis
- Blood Smear Test: A drop of blood is examined under a microscope to detect the Plasmodium parasite.
- Rapid Diagnostic Test (RDT): Detects malaria antigens in the blood.
Dengue Diagnosis
- NS1 Antigen Test: Detects dengue virus in the early stages.
- PCR Test: Confirms the presence of dengue virus RNA.
- Antibody Tests (IgM/IgG): Helps identify past or recent infections.
Treatment for Malaria and Dengue
Both malaria and dengue require timely medical attention to prevent complications and ensure a smooth recovery. Here's how each condition is typically treated:
Malaria Treatment
- Antimalarial Drugs: Chloroquine, artemisinin-based combination therapy (ACT), or other prescribed medications based on the parasite type.
- Severe Cases: Hospitalization with intravenous (IV) medications may be needed.
Dengue Treatment
- No Specific Antiviral: Treatment focuses on relieving symptoms.
- Hydration: Drinking plenty of fluids (oral rehydration solutions, coconut water).
- Pain Relief: Paracetamol (avoid aspirin/ibuprofen as they can increase bleeding risk).
- Severe Cases: Hospitalization for IV fluids and monitoring.
Prevention Tips for Malaria and Dengue
Effective ways to prevent malaria and dengue:
Malaria Prevention
- Use mosquito nets (especially insecticide-treated nets).
- Wear long-sleeved clothing and apply mosquito repellent.
- Take antimalarial prophylaxis if traveling to high-risk areas.
- Eliminate stagnant water where mosquitoes breed.
Dengue Prevention
- Use mosquito repellents containing DEET, picaridin, or oil of lemon eucalyptus.
- Wear protective clothing during the day (when Aedes mosquitoes are active).
- Keep surroundings clean and remove standing water (flower pots, buckets, tires).
- Install window screens to prevent mosquito entry.
When to See a Doctor?
Seek immediate medical help if you experience:
- Persistent high fever (more than 2–3 days)
- Severe headache, vomiting, or abdominal pain
- Bleeding from nose or gums
- Difficulty breathing or drowsiness
Final Thoughts
Malaria and dengue are serious but preventable diseases. By recognizing their symptoms early and taking preventive measures, you can protect yourself and your family. Stay vigilant, maintain good hygiene, and seek medical advice if you suspect an infection.
Consult a Top General Physician for the best advice
Consult a Top General Physician for the best advice
Dr. Rajib Ghose
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PRESTIGE SHANTHINIKETAN - SOCIETY CLINIC, Bengaluru
Consult a Top General Physician for the best advice
Dr. Rajib Ghose
General Practitioner
25 Years • MBBS
East Midnapore
VIVEKANANDA SEBA SADAN, East Midnapore
Dr. Sandhya Chandel
General Physician/ Internal Medicine Specialist
16 Years • MBBS, MD (Int. Med.), IDCCM
Bilaspur
Apollo Hospitals Seepat Road, Bilaspur
(125+ Patients)
Dr. Mohamed Azeem
General Physician/ Internal Medicine Specialist
2 Years • MBBS,MD(Internal Medicine) CCEBDM
Karaikudi
Apollo Hospitals Karaikudi, Karaikudi
Dr. Paras Gangwal
General Physician/ Internal Medicine Specialist
28 Years • MBBS,MD General Medicine
Delhi
Dr Paras Gangwal Clinic, Delhi
Dr Syed Mizra M
General Physician/ Internal Medicine Specialist
2 Years • MBBS
Bengaluru
PRESTIGE SHANTHINIKETAN - SOCIETY CLINIC, Bengaluru
