Osteoarthritis Overview and Management
Learn about osteoarthritis, its causes, symptoms, and effective management strategies to relieve pain, improve mobility, and maintain joint health.
Written by Dr. Dhankecha Mayank Dineshbhai
Reviewed by Dr. Rohinipriyanka Pondugula MBBS
Last updated on 31st Aug, 2025
Introduction
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a common joint condition that affects millions of people worldwide. Unlike other forms of arthritis, which may involve inflammation due to an immune response, OA is primarily caused by wear and tear of the joints over time. It can lead to pain, stiffness, and reduced mobility, affecting daily activities. The good news is that with the right approach, OA can be managed effectively, allowing you to stay active and maintain a good quality of life.
What is Osteoarthritis?
Osteoarthritis is a degenerative joint disease where the protective cartilage, the cushioning tissue at the ends of bones, gradually wears down. As this cartilage deteriorates, bones may rub against each other, causing pain, swelling, and stiffness. OA most commonly affects the knees, hips, hands, and spine, but it can occur in any joint.
Consult a Rheumatologist for the best advice
Who is at Risk?
While OA is often associated with aging, it can affect younger individuals as well, especially those with:
Age: Risk increases after 50.
Weight: Excess weight puts extra stress on joints, especially knees and hips.
Joint injuries: Past injuries (e.g., fractures, ligament tears) can increase OA risk.
Genetics: A family history of OA may make you more prone.
Overuse: Repetitive movements (e.g., in certain jobs or sports) can contribute.
Symptoms of Osteoarthritis
The signs of OA develop slowly and worsen over time. Common symptoms include:
Joint pain (worse after activity or at the end of the day).
Stiffness, especially in the morning or after sitting for long periods.
Swelling or tenderness around the joint.
Reduced flexibility (difficulty bending or moving the joint fully).
Grating sensation (creaking or cracking sounds when moving the joint).
If you experience these symptoms, it’s important to consult a doctor for proper diagnosis and management.
How is Osteoarthritis Diagnosed?
Doctors diagnose OA through:
Medical history and physical exam (checking for pain, swelling, and joint function).
Imaging tests (X-rays, MRI) to assess cartilage loss and bone changes.
Joint fluid analysis (in some cases, to rule out other conditions like gout or infections).
Early diagnosis helps in managing symptoms better and slowing progression.
Managing Osteoarthritis
While there’s no cure for OA, several strategies can help reduce pain and improve joint function:
1. Lifestyle Changes
Weight Management: Losing even a small amount of weight can significantly reduce stress on weight-bearing joints.
Exercise: Low-impact activities like walking, swimming, or cycling strengthen muscles around joints and improve flexibility.
Physical Therapy: A therapist can teach exercises to improve joint movement and reduce pain.
2. Pain Relief Options
Hot/Cold Therapy: Applying heat (for stiffness) or ice (for swelling) can provide relief.
Over-the-counter pain relievers: Acetaminophen or NSAIDs (like ibuprofen) may help, but consult a doctor before long-term use.
Topical creams: Gels containing capsaicin or NSAIDs can reduce localized pain.
3. Dietary Support
Anti-inflammatory foods: Omega-3 fatty acids (found in fish, flaxseeds), turmeric, and ginger may help reduce joint inflammation.
Vitamin D & Calcium: Supports bone health (found in dairy, leafy greens, fortified foods).
Hydration: Keeps cartilage healthy.
4. Assistive Devices
Braces or shoe inserts can support joints.
Canes or walkers help reduce pressure on knees/hips.
5. Medical Treatments
If symptoms are severe, doctors may recommend:
Corticosteroid injections (for temporary pain relief).
Hyaluronic acid injections (to lubricate the joint).
Surgery (joint replacement) in advanced cases where other treatments fail.
When to See a Doctor?
Consult a doctor if:
Pain interferes with daily activities.
Joints are swollen, red, or feel warm (could indicate infection).
Symptoms worsen despite self-care.
If you suspect OA or need guidance on managing joint pain, Apollo 24|7 offers expert consultations and diagnostic tests. You can easily book an appointment online to get personalized care.
Final Thoughts
Living with osteoarthritis doesn’t mean giving up an active life. With the right approach, exercise, weight management, and proper medical care, you can keep your joints healthy and minimize discomfort. Small changes today can make a big difference in your joint health tomorrow!
Consult a Rheumatologist for the best advice
Consult a Rheumatologist for the best advice
Dr. Anand Ravi
General Physician
2 Years • MBBS
Bengaluru
PRESTIGE SHANTHINIKETAN - SOCIETY CLINIC, Bengaluru
Dr. Zulkarnain
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2 Years • MBBS, PGDM, FFM
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