Overview of Autoimmune Hepatitis and Biomarkers
Explore autoimmune hepatitis, its symptoms, causes, and key biomarkers used for diagnosis. Learn how early detection and treatment can protect liver health.
Written by Dr. Vasanthasree Nair
Reviewed by Dr. Shaik Abdul Kalam MD (Physician)
Last updated on 26th Aug, 2025
Autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) is a chronic liver disease where the body’s immune system mistakenly attacks healthy liver cells, leading to inflammation and damage. Unlike viral hepatitis (such as Hepatitis B or C), AIH is not caused by an infection but rather by an overactive immune response. If left untreated, it can lead to serious complications like cirrhosis (scarring of the liver) or liver failure.
The good news is that with early diagnosis and proper treatment, many people with AIH can lead healthy lives. Biomarkers (specific blood tests and other indicators) play a crucial role in diagnosing and monitoring this condition.
What Causes Autoimmune Hepatitis?
The exact cause of AIH is still unknown, but researchers believe it may be triggered by a combination of:
Genetic factors – Some people have genes that make them more prone to autoimmune diseases.
Environmental triggers – Viral infections, certain medications, or toxins might activate the immune system to attack the liver.
Other autoimmune conditions – People with AIH may also have other autoimmune disorders like rheumatoid arthritis, thyroid disease, or type 1 diabetes.
Consult a Top Hepatologist
Symptoms of Autoimmune Hepatitis
AIH can develop slowly or suddenly. Some people may not have symptoms in the early stages, while others experience:
Fatigue and weakness
Jaundice (yellowing of the skin and eyes)
Abdominal discomfort or pain
Joint pain
Loss of appetite and nausea
Dark urine or pale stools
Itchy skin
If you notice any of these symptoms, it’s important to consult a doctor for further evaluation.
How Is Autoimmune Hepatitis Diagnosed?
Since AIH symptoms can resemble other liver diseases, doctors use a combination of tests to confirm the diagnosis:
1. Blood Tests (Biomarkers)
Liver Function Tests (LFTs) – Measure enzymes like ALT and AST, which are elevated when the liver is inflamed.
Autoantibodies – Specific antibodies like ANA (antinuclear antibody), SMA (smooth muscle antibody), and anti-LKM1 (liver-kidney microsomal antibody) help identify AIH.
Immunoglobulin G (IgG) levels – Often high in AIH patients.
2. Imaging Tests
Ultrasound, CT scan, or MRI – To check for liver damage or cirrhosis.
3. Liver Biopsy
A small sample of liver tissue is taken to confirm inflammation and rule out other conditions.
How Is Autoimmune Hepatitis Treated?
The main goal of treatment is to suppress the overactive immune system and reduce liver inflammation. Common treatments include:
1. Medications
Corticosteroids (Prednisone) – Reduce inflammation quickly.
Immunosuppressants (Azathioprine, Mycophenolate mofetil) – Help control the immune system long-term.
2. Lifestyle Changes
Healthy Diet – A balanced diet with low salt, limited processed foods, and plenty of fruits, vegetables, and lean proteins supports liver health.
Avoid Alcohol – Alcohol can worsen liver damage.
Regular Exercise – Helps maintain overall health and reduces fatigue.
Vaccinations – Since immunosuppressants weaken the immune system, vaccines for Hepatitis A, B, and flu are recommended.
3. Regular Monitoring
Routine blood tests and doctor visits help track liver function and adjust treatment as needed.
When to See a Doctor?
If you experience persistent fatigue, jaundice, or unexplained abdominal pain, it’s important to seek medical advice. Early diagnosis can prevent severe liver damage.
Book a Consultation or Test with Apollo 24|7
If you suspect liver-related symptoms or need further evaluation, you can easily book a consultation or schedule a liver function test through Apollo 24|7. Early detection and proper management can make a big difference in your health.
Final Thoughts
Autoimmune hepatitis is a manageable condition with the right medical care and lifestyle adjustments. By understanding the symptoms, getting timely tests, and following your doctor’s advice, you can protect your liver and maintain a good quality of life. If you have concerns about your liver health, don’t hesitate to reach out to a healthcare provider. Your liver plays a vital role in your overall well-being, so taking care of it is essential!
Consult a Top Hepatologist
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