Rhabdomyolysis Overview and Information
Know about the rhabdomylosis, common symptoms, causes, diagnosis, treatment and when to see the doctor and more.
Written by Dr. Rohinipriyanka Pondugula
Reviewed by Dr. J T Hema Pratima MBBS, Fellowship in Diabetes Mellitus
Last updated on 13th Jan, 2026
Introduction
Rhabdomyolysis, often called "rhabdo," is a serious condition where damaged muscle tissue breaks down rapidly, releasing harmful substances into the bloodstream. This can lead to complications like kidney damage if not treated promptly.
While it may sound intimidating, understanding the condition, its symptoms, causes, and preventive measures can help you stay informed and take action if needed.
What is Rhabdomyolysis?
Rhabdomyolysis occurs when muscle fibres break down and release a protein called myoglobin into the blood. Myoglobin is normally filtered by the kidneys, but in large amounts, it can clog the kidneys, leading to kidney failure. Other substances released from damaged muscles, such as potassium and phosphate, can also cause dangerous imbalances in the body.
Consult General Practitioner for Personalised Advice
Common Symptoms of Rhabdomyolysis
The symptoms of rhabdomyolysis can vary from mild to severe. Some people may not notice symptoms immediately, while others experience:
- Muscle pain, weakness, or stiffness (especially in the shoulders, thighs, or lower back)
- Dark, tea-colored urine (due to myoglobin release)
- Fatigue or general weakness
- Swelling or tenderness in muscles
- Fever or nausea
- Decreased urine output (a sign of kidney problems)
If you notice these symptoms—especially after intense exercise, trauma, or taking certain medications—seek medical attention immediately.
What Causes Rhabdomyolysis?
Several factors can lead to muscle breakdown, including:
1. Physical Causes
- Extreme exercise (especially in untrained individuals)
- Crush injuries (from accidents or prolonged immobilisation)
- Heatstroke or severe dehydration
- Electrical shock or severe burns
2. Medical Conditions
- Muscle diseases (like muscular dystrophy)
- Severe infections (such as sepsis or viral infections)
- Metabolic disorders (like thyroid problems or electrolyte imbalances)
3. Medications & Toxins
- Statins (cholesterol-lowering drugs)
- Certain antibiotics or antiviral medications
- Illegal drugs (like cocaine or amphetamines)
- Alcohol abuse
How is Rhabdomyolysis Diagnosed?
Doctors diagnose rhabdomyolysis through:
- Blood tests (to check for elevated creatine kinase (CK), myoglobin, and kidney function)
- Urine tests (to detect myoglobin)
- Imaging tests (like MRI or ultrasound if muscle damage is suspected)
Early diagnosis is crucial to prevent complications like kidney failure.
Treatment & Management
Treatment focuses on stopping muscle damage and protecting the kidneys. Depending on severity, it may include:
1. Hydration
- Intravenous (IV) fluids help flush out myoglobin from the kidneys.
- Drinking plenty of water is essential, especially after intense exercise.
2. Medications
- Electrolyte management (to correct imbalances in potassium, calcium, or phosphorus).
- Dialysis (in severe cases where kidneys are failing).
3. Rest & Recovery
- Avoid strenuous activity until muscles heal.
- Physical therapy may help in severe cases.
Prevention Tips
You can reduce the risk of rhabdomyolysis by:
- Staying hydrated (drink water before, during, and after exercise).
- Avoiding extreme workouts (gradually increase intensity).
- Recognising warning signs (muscle pain, dark urine).
- Monitoring medications (ask your doctor about side effects).
- Avoiding alcohol & drugs that can increase risk.
When to See a Doctor?
Seek immediate medical help if you experience:
- Severe muscle pain with weakness
- Dark-colored urine
- Reduced urine output
- Signs of dehydration (dizziness, dry mouth)
Final Thoughts
Rhabdomyolysis is an abnormal breakage of muscle fibres. The symptoms include muscle pain, dark tea-coloured urine and tiredness, which may be caused due to extreme exercises or medical conditions too. Medications and rest may help in the recovery from rhabdomyolysis. If the condition worsens or persists, consult your doctor for further advice.
Consult General Practitioner for Personalised Advice
Consult General Practitioner for Personalised Advice
Dr. Suvadeep Sen
Critical Care Specialist
12 Years • MBBS, MD, FNB (CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE), EDIC
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Dr. Rajesh Babu M
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12 Years • MBBS, PGPN
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Dr Abhishek Kumar Shukla
General Practitioner
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Dr Abhishek Kumar Shukla, Greater Noida
Dr. Arabinda Bera
General Physician/ Internal Medicine Specialist
20 Years • MBBS, PGDCC(CARDIOLOGY), CCEEDM(DIABETES)
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MCR SUPER SPECIALITY POLY CLINIC & PATHOLOGY, Kolkata
Dr. Manju Shivnani
General Practitioner
31 Years • MBBS
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We care clinic, Greater Noida
Consult General Practitioner for Personalised Advice
Dr. Suvadeep Sen
Critical Care Specialist
12 Years • MBBS, MD, FNB (CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE), EDIC
Mumbai
Apollo Hospitals CBD Belapur, Mumbai
Dr. Rajesh Babu M
General Practitioner
12 Years • MBBS, PGPN
Hoskote
Ovum Women And Children Hospital, Hoskote
Dr Abhishek Kumar Shukla
General Practitioner
7 Years • MBBS
Greater Noida
Dr Abhishek Kumar Shukla, Greater Noida
Dr. Arabinda Bera
General Physician/ Internal Medicine Specialist
20 Years • MBBS, PGDCC(CARDIOLOGY), CCEEDM(DIABETES)
Kolkata
MCR SUPER SPECIALITY POLY CLINIC & PATHOLOGY, Kolkata
Dr. Manju Shivnani
General Practitioner
31 Years • MBBS
Greater Noida
We care clinic, Greater Noida
