Uterine Polyps Overview and Management
Learn about uterine polyps, including symptoms, causes, diagnosis, and treatment options. Understand risk factors, fertility impact, and when to seek medical help.
Written by Dr. J T Hema Pratima
Reviewed by Dr. Rohinipriyanka Pondugula MBBS
Last updated on 27th Aug, 2025
Introduction
Uterine polyps are small, soft growths that develop on the inner lining of the uterus (endometrium). While they are usually non-cancerous (benign), they can sometimes cause discomfort or lead to health concerns. Understanding uterine polyps, their symptoms, causes, and treatment options can help you manage them effectively.
What Are Uterine Polyps?
Uterine polyps are overgrowths of the endometrial tissue. They can vary in size; from a few millimeters (like a sesame seed) to several centimeters (like a golf ball). Some women may have a single polyp, while others may develop multiple polyps.
Who Is at Risk?
Uterine polyps are more common in women:
Between 40 and 50 years old (perimenopausal or menopausal).
With high estrogen levels (due to hormone therapy or obesity).
Taking tamoxifen (a breast cancer treatment drug).
With conditions like high blood pressure or diabetes.
However, younger women can also develop polyps.
Symptoms of Uterine Polyps
Many women with uterine polyps may not experience any symptoms. However, when symptoms do occur, they may include:
Irregular periods (unpredictable bleeding).
Heavy menstrual bleeding (soaking through pads quickly).
Bleeding between periods.
Postmenopausal bleeding (if you’ve already gone through menopause).
Difficulty getting pregnant (polyps may interfere with implantation).
If you notice any of these symptoms, it’s important to consult a doctor for proper evaluation.
Causes of Uterine Polyps
The exact cause of uterine polyps is unclear, but they are linked to:
Hormonal factors – Estrogen plays a role in stimulating the growth of the uterine lining.
Chronic inflammation – Long-term irritation of the uterus may contribute.
Genetic factors – Some women may have a higher risk due to family history.
How Are Uterine Polyps Diagnosed?
If your doctor suspects uterine polyps, they may recommend:
1. Transvaginal Ultrasound – A small device is inserted into the vagina to create images of the uterus.
2. Hysteroscopy – A thin, lighted tube is inserted into the uterus to view polyps directly.
3. Endometrial Biopsy – A small tissue sample is taken for testing.
4. Sonohysterography – Saline is injected into the uterus before an ultrasound for clearer imaging.
Treatment Options for Uterine Polyps
Not all polyps require treatment, especially if they are small and symptom-free. However, if they cause problems, treatment options include:
1. Medications
Hormonal therapy (progestins or GnRH agonists) may shrink polyps.
Pain relievers can help manage discomfort from heavy bleeding.
2. Surgical Removal
Hysteroscopic Polypectomy – The most common procedure, where a doctor removes polyps using a hysteroscope.
Dilation & Curettage (D&C) – The uterine lining is gently scraped to remove polyps.
3. Natural Management (For Small Polyps)
Maintain a healthy weight – Excess fat increases estrogen levels.
Eat a balanced diet – Include anti-inflammatory foods like fruits, vegetables, and omega-3 fatty acids.
Manage stress – High stress can disrupt hormones.
Consult Top Obstetrician and Gynaecologist
When to See a Doctor?
Seek medical advice if you experience:
Heavy or prolonged menstrual bleeding.
Bleeding after menopause.
Difficulty conceiving.
If you suspect uterine polyps, you can book a consultation or schedule a test through Apollo 24|7 for expert guidance and care.
Final Thoughts
Uterine polyps are common and usually harmless, but they can cause discomfort or fertility issues in some cases. Early diagnosis and proper treatment can help manage symptoms effectively. If you notice any unusual bleeding or other symptoms, don’t hesitate to consult a healthcare provider.
Consult Top Obstetrician and Gynaecologist
Dr. Bana Rupa
Obstetrician and Gynaecologist
7 Years • MBBS , M.S (OBG )
Hyderabad
Apollo Hospitals Jubilee Hills, Hyderabad
(25+ Patients)
Dr M Dharini
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9 Years • MBBS,DGO,MS OG,DNB OG
Chennai
Apollo Hospitals Tondiarpet, Chennai
Dr. Nilanjana Das
Obstetrician and Gynaecologist
5 Years • MS (O&G)
Guwahati
Apollo Personalized Health Check Centre, Guwahati
Dr. Sofia Sultana
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21 Years • MBBS,MS (OBG),MRCOG
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Apollo Hospitals Seepat Road, Bilaspur
Dr. Mangla Kawade
Infertility Specialist
30 Years • MBBS, MD (Obs & Gyn) .Infertility Specialist - Laparoscopic Surgeon (Obs & Gyn),Gynecologist.
Bhopal
Apollo Sage Hospitals, Bhopal
