Vitamin Deficiency: Symptoms and Causes
Know about different deficiencies in vitamins, what are the prime cause and symptoms. Learn how to prevent and manage them.
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Last updated on 3rd Aug, 2025
Introduction
Vitamins are essential nutrients that our body needs in small amounts to function properly. They play a crucial role in maintaining good health, supporting immunity, energy production, and overall well-being. However, when our body doesn’t get enough of these vital nutrients, it can lead to a vitamin deficiency, causing various health problems.
In this article, we’ll explore the common symptoms and causes of vitamin deficiency, along with simple ways to prevent and manage it.
Common Symptoms of Vitamin Deficiency
Vitamin deficiencies can show up in different ways, depending on which vitamin is lacking. Here are some common signs to watch out for:
1. Fatigue and Weakness
Low levels of Vitamin B12, Iron, or Vitamin D can lead to constant tiredness and lack of energy.
2. Brittle Hair and Nails
A deficiency in Biotin (Vitamin B7) may cause hair thinning, brittle nails, and dry skin.
3. Poor Night Vision & Dry Eyes
Vitamin A deficiency can lead to difficulty seeing in low light and dry, irritated eyes.
4. Mouth Ulcers or Cracks at Corners of the Mouth
Vitamin B2 (Riboflavin), B3 (Niacin), or Iron deficiency can cause painful mouth sores.
5. Bone and Joint Pain
Vitamin D and Calcium deficiencies weaken bones, increasing the risk of fractures and osteoporosis.
6. Frequent Infections
Vitamin C and D play a key role in immunity. Low levels can make you prone to frequent colds and infections.
7. Tingling or Numbness in Hands & Feet
Vitamin B12 deficiency can cause nerve damage, leading to tingling sensations.
8. Pale or Yellowish Skin
Vitamin B12 or Folate (B9) deficiency can lead to anaemia, making the skin look pale or slightly yellow.
If you experience any of these symptoms persistently, it’s best to consult a doctor or get a simple blood test to check your vitamin levels.
Consult Top Nutritionists
What Causes Vitamin Deficiency?
Several factors can lead to vitamin deficiencies, including:
1. Poor Diet
Not eating enough fruits, vegetables, whole grains, dairy, or lean proteins can result in low vitamin intake.
Example: Vegans may lack Vitamin B12, found mainly in animal products.
2. Digestive Disorders
Conditions like celiac disease, Crohn’s disease, or IBS can affect nutrient absorption.
3. Alcoholism
Excessive alcohol consumption reduces the absorption of B vitamins (especially B1, B6, and B12).
4. Certain Medications
Some medicines (like antacids, antibiotics, or diabetes drugs) can interfere with vitamin absorption.
5. Lack of Sunlight
Vitamin D is produced when our skin is exposed to sunlight. Limited sun exposure can lead to a deficiency.
6. Pregnancy & Breastfeeding
Women need extra Folate (B9), Iron, and Vitamin D during pregnancy and lactation.
7. Aging
-Older adults may absorb fewer nutrients due to reduced stomach acid production.
How to Prevent & Manage Vitamin Deficiency?
The good news is that most vitamin deficiencies can be corrected with simple dietary changes and supplements (if needed). Here are some tips:
1. Eat a Balanced Diet
Include a variety of foods like:
Vitamin A: Carrots, sweet potatoes, spinach
B Vitamins: Eggs, nuts, whole grains, dairy
Vitamin C: Citrus fruits, bell peppers, strawberries
Vitamin D: Fatty fish (salmon), fortified milk, sunlight
Vitamin E: Almonds, sunflower seeds, spinach
Vitamin K: Leafy greens, broccoli, soybeans
2. Consider Supplements (If Needed)
If diet alone isn’t enough, your doctor may recommend supplements.
Example: Vitamin D drops for people with limited sun exposure.
3. Get Regular Blood Tests
A simple vitamin deficiency test can help detect low levels early.
4. Limit Alcohol & Quit Smoking
Both can interfere with vitamin absorption.
5. Manage Underlying Health Conditions
If you have digestive issues, work with a doctor to improve nutrient absorption.
When to See a Doctor?
If you experience persistent symptoms like extreme fatigue, frequent infections, or unexplained pain, it’s best to consult a healthcare provider. A simple blood test can confirm if you have a deficiency and guide the right treatment.
Final Thoughts
Vitamins are tiny but mighty—they keep our bodies running smoothly. By eating a balanced diet, getting enough sunlight, and staying aware of symptoms, you can prevent deficiencies and stay healthy.
Consult Top Nutritionists
Consult Top Nutritionists
Dt. Ila Sharma
Clinical Nutritionist
18 Years • Master in food & Nutrition
Gurugram
VIPUL GREENS - SOCIETY CLINIC, Gurugram
Dr. Bhukya Pavan Kalyan
General Physician
5 Years • MBBS DNB Paediatrics
Bengaluru
PRESTIGE SHANTHINIKETAN - SOCIETY CLINIC, Bengaluru
Dr Sumanth R
General Physician
2 Years • MBBS
Bengaluru
PRESTIGE SHANTHINIKETAN - SOCIETY CLINIC, Bengaluru
Dr. Ramalinga Reddy
General Physician
5 Years • MBBS MD General medicine
Bengaluru
PRESTIGE SHANTHINIKETAN - SOCIETY CLINIC, Bengaluru
Dr. Sasikamalam
General Practitioner
1 Years • MBBS
COIMBATORE
Apollo Sugar Clinic Coimbatore, COIMBATORE
Consult Top Nutritionists
Dt. Ila Sharma
Clinical Nutritionist
18 Years • Master in food & Nutrition
Gurugram
VIPUL GREENS - SOCIETY CLINIC, Gurugram
Dr. Bhukya Pavan Kalyan
General Physician
5 Years • MBBS DNB Paediatrics
Bengaluru
PRESTIGE SHANTHINIKETAN - SOCIETY CLINIC, Bengaluru
Dr Sumanth R
General Physician
2 Years • MBBS
Bengaluru
PRESTIGE SHANTHINIKETAN - SOCIETY CLINIC, Bengaluru
Dr. Ramalinga Reddy
General Physician
5 Years • MBBS MD General medicine
Bengaluru
PRESTIGE SHANTHINIKETAN - SOCIETY CLINIC, Bengaluru
Dr. Sasikamalam
General Practitioner
1 Years • MBBS
COIMBATORE
Apollo Sugar Clinic Coimbatore, COIMBATORE
