Gonorrhoea Causes, Diagnosis and Treatment
Know about gonorrhoea, causes, symptoms, diagnosis and treatment options. Learn about what happens if left untreated and preventive measures.
Introduction
Gonorrhoea is a common sexually transmitted infection (STI) caused by the bacterium Neisseria gonorrhoeae. It can affect both men and women and, if left untreated, may lead to serious health complications. The good news is that gonorrhoea is treatable with proper medical care. In this article, we’ll discuss its causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention tips in simple terms.
What Causes Gonorrhoea?
Gonorrhoea spreads through unprotected sexual contact (vaginal, anal, or oral) with an infected person. It can also be passed from an infected mother to her baby during childbirth.
The bacteria thrive in warm, moist areas of the body, such as the:
- Urethra (urinary tract)
- Cervix (in women)
- Rectum
- Throat
- Eyes
Important Note: You cannot get gonorrhoea from casual contact like hugging, sharing food, or using public toilets.
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Symptoms of Gonorrhoea
Some people with gonorrhoea may not show any symptoms, making it easy to unknowingly spread the infection. When symptoms do appear, they usually develop within 2 to 14 days after exposure.
Symptoms in Men:
- Pain or burning sensation while urinating
- White, yellow, or green discharge from the penis
- Swollen or painful testicles (in rare cases)
Symptoms in Women:
Painful urination- Increased vaginal discharge (may be yellowish or bloody)
- Vaginal bleeding between periods
- Pelvic pain (especially if the infection spreads)
- Other Possible Symptoms (Both Genders):
- Sore throat (if infected through oral sex)
- Rectal discomfort, discharge, or bleeding (if infected through anal sex
- Eye infection (redness, pain, discharge)
If left untreated, gonorrhoea can lead to serious complications like pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) in women (which may cause infertility) and epididymitis in men (painful swelling near the testicles).
How is Gonorrhoea Diagnosed?
If you suspect you have gonorrhoea or have been exposed to it, getting tested is crucial. Doctors diagnose gonorrhoea through:
1. Urine Test – Checks for bacteria in the urine.
2. Swab Test – A sample is taken from the affected area (urethra, cervix, throat, or rectum).
3. Blood Test – Sometimes used if the infection has spread.
Testing is quick, and results are usually available within a few days.
When to Get Tested?
It includes:
- If you have symptoms
- If your partner has been diagnosed with gonorrhoea
- If you engage in unprotected sex with multiple partners
- Routine screening for sexually active individuals
How is Gonorrhoea Treated?
Gonorrhoea is treated with antibiotics. However, some strains have become resistant to certain medications, so doctors may prescribe a combination of drugs.
Common Treatments Include:
- Ceftriaxone (injection) + Azithromycin (oral) – Most effective combination
- Alternative antibiotics (if allergies or resistance exist)
Important:
- Complete the full course of antibiotics, even if symptoms disappear.
- Avoid sexual contact until treatment is completed and your doctor confirms the infection is gone.
- Inform your sexual partner(s) so they can also get tested and treated.
What If Gonorrhoea is Left Untreated?
Untreated gonorrhoea can cause:
- Infertility (in both men and women)
- Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) in women (leading to chronic pain and ectopic pregnancy risk)
- Increased risk of HIV (due to inflammation)
- Joint infections (rare but possible)
- Blindness in newborns (if passed during childbirth)
How to Prevent Gonorrhoea?
The best way to avoid gonorrhoea is through safe sex practices:
- Use Condoms – Correct and consistent use reduces the risk.
- Get Regular STI Tests – Especially if sexually active with multiple partners.
- Limit Sexual Partners – Reduces exposure risk.
- Communicate with Partners – Discuss STI testing before sexual activity.
- Avoid Sharing Sex Toys – If used, clean them properly or use condoms.
When to See a Doctor?
If you experience:
- Unusual discharge
- Painful urination
- Unexplained pelvic pain
- Suspected exposure to an STI
Final Thoughts
Gonorrhoea is a common but treatable infection. The key is early detection and proper treatment. Practising safe sex, getting regular check-ups, and seeking medical help when needed can keep you and your partners healthy.
Consult Urologist for Personalised Advice
Consult Urologist for Personalised Advice
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Urologist
19 Years • MBBS, MS General Surgery, DNB Genito-Urinary Surgery
Jodhpur Park
Dr. Prabir Basu urology clinic, Jodhpur Park
(150+ Patients)
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