Gout: Symptoms, Treatment, Causes and Prevention
Gout is a painful type of arthritis caused by high uric acid levels, leading to sudden joint pain, swelling, and redness. Learn about its symptoms, causes, treatment, and prevention strategies.
Written by Dr. Rohinipriyanka Pondugula
Reviewed by Dr. M L Ezhilarasan MBBS
Last updated on 3rd Sep, 2025
Gout is a painful form of arthritis that affects millions of people worldwide. If you or someone you know suffers from sudden, severe joint pain—especially in the big toe—it could be gout. The good news is that with the right knowledge and care, gout can be managed effectively.
In this article, we’ll break down everything you need to know about gout; its symptoms, causes, treatment options, and prevention tips, in simple, easy-to-understand terms.
What Is Gout?
Gout is a type of inflammatory arthritis caused by too much uric acid in the blood. When uric acid levels become high,
sharp crystals form in the joints, leading to intense pain, swelling, and redness.
While gout often affects the big toe, it can also occur in other joints like the ankles, knees, elbows, wrists, and fingers. If left untreated, gout can lead to long-term joint damage and other health problems.
Symptoms of Gout
Gout attacks often come on suddenly, usually at night. Common symptoms include:
- Severe joint pain – Most commonly in the big toe, but can affect other joints.
- Swelling and redness – The affected joint becomes tender, warm, and swollen.
- Limited movement – Pain may make it difficult to move the joint.
- Lingering discomfort – Even after the worst pain subsides, some discomfort may last for days or weeks.
Gout attacks can be unpredictable—some people experience them occasionally, while others have frequent flare-ups.
What Causes Gout?
Gout occurs when uric acid builds up in the blood, forming needle-like crystals in the joints. Several factors contribute
to high uric acid levels:
1. Diet
Certain foods increase uric acid production, including:
- Red meat and organ meats (liver, kidney)
- Seafood (shellfish, sardines, anchovies)
- Sugary drinks and foods high in fructose
- Alcohol (especially beer and spirits)
2. Obesity
Excess weight makes it harder for the body to eliminate uric acid.
3. Medical Conditions
Conditions like high blood pressure, diabetes, and kidney disease can increase gout risk.
4. Genetics
If family members have gout, you may be more likely to develop it.
5. Medications
Some medicines, such as diuretics (water pills), can raise uric acid levels.
How Is Gout Diagnosed?
If you suspect gout, a doctor may perform:
- Joint fluid test – A small sample of fluid from the affected joint is checked for urate crystals.
- Blood test – Measures uric acid levels (though high levels alone don’t always mean gout).
- Imaging tests – X-rays or ultrasounds to check for joint damage.
If you X-ray speriencing symptoms, it’s best to consult a doctor for an accurate diagnosis. You can easily book a
consultation with a rheumatologist or general physician on Apollo 24|7 for expert advice.
Treatment for Gout
While there’s no cure for gout, treatments can help manage pain and prevent future attacks.
1. Medications for Acute Attacks
- NSAIDs (Ibuprofen, Naproxenthe ) – Reduce pain and inflammation.
- Colchicine – Helps relieve gout pain if taken early.
- Corticosteroids – Used if NSAIDs or colchicine aren’t suitable.
2. Long-Term Prevention Medications
- Allopurinol, Febuxostat – Lower uric acid production.
- Probenecid – Helps kidneys remove uric acid.
3. Home Remedies for Relief
- Rest and elevate the affected joint.
- Apply ice for 15-20 minutes to reduce swelling.
- Stay hydrated to help flush out uric acid.
Preventing Gout Flare-Ups
Making healthy lifestyle changes can significantly reduce gout attacks:
1. Eat a Gout-Friendly Diet
- Limit high-purine foods (red meat, seafood, organ meats)the .
- Increase low-fat dairy, vegetables, and whole grains.
- Avoid sugary drinks and alcohol.
2. Maintain a Healthy Weight
Losing weight gradually (not crash dieting) helps lower uric acid levels.
3. Stay Hydrated
Drink plenty of water (8-10 glasses a day) to help kidneys flush out uric acid.
4. Exercise Regularly
Low-impact activities like walking, swimming, or yoga can improve joint health.
5. Avoid Trigger Medications
If you’re on diuretics, talk to your doctor about alternatives.
When to See a Doctor
Consult a healthcare provider if:
- Joint pain is severe and sudden.
- Symptoms don’t improve within a few days.
- You have frequent gout attacks.
- You notice joint deformities.
Early treatment can prevent complications like chronic arthritis or kidney stones.
Final Thoughts
Gout can be painful and disruptive, but with the right care, you can manage it effectively. By making smart dietary choices, staying active, and following medical advice, you can reduce flare-ups and improve your quality of life.
If you’re concerned about gout or need expert guidance, Apollo 24|7 offers easy online consultations with specialists. You can also book lab tests to check your uric acid levels from the comfort of your home.
Remember, managing gout is about balance; listening to your body, making healthy choices, and seeking medical support when needed.
Would you like to speak with a doctor about gout? Schedule a consultation today on Apollo 24|7!
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