Hematuria: Causes, Treatment and Symptoms
Hematuria, or blood in urine, can result from infections, stones, kidney disease, or more serious conditions. Learn about its symptoms, causes, diagnosis, and treatment options to protect your urinary health.
Noticing blood in your urine can be alarming, but it’s important not to panic. Hematuria, the medical term for blood in urine, can have many causes—some harmless and others requiring medical attention. This article will help you understand what hematuria is, its possible causes, symptoms, and when to seek help.
What is Hematuria?
Hematuria occurs when red blood cells leak into the urine, making it appear pink, red, or brown. There are two types:
1. Gross Hematuria – Visible blood in urine, making it look pink, red, or cola-colored.
2. Microscopic Hematuria – Blood is only detectable under a microscope during a urine test.
While hematuria can be frightening, it doesn’t always mean a serious condition. However, it should never be ignored.
Common Causes of Hematuria
Several conditions can lead to blood in the urine, including:
1. Urinary Tract Infections (UTIs)
- Bacteria can infect the bladder or kidneys, causing irritation and bleeding.
- Symptoms may include burning during urination, frequent urges to urinate, and cloudy urine.
2. Kidney or Bladder Stones
- Hard mineral deposits in the kidneys or bladder can scrape the urinary tract, leading to bleeding.
- Often accompanied by severe pain in the lower back or abdomen.
3. Enlarged Prostate (in Men)
- As men age, the prostate gland may grow, pressing on the urethra and causing urinary issues, including hematuria.
4. Kidney Disease
- Conditions like glomerulonephritis (inflammation of kidney filters) can cause blood in urine.
- May also lead to swelling in the legs, high blood pressure, or fatigue.
5. Vigorous Exercise
- Intense physical activity can sometimes cause temporary hematuria due to bladder irritation or dehydration.
6. Medications
- Blood thinners (like aspirin or warfarin) and certain antibiotics can increase the risk of bleeding in urine.
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7. More Serious Conditions (Less Common)
- Bladder or Kidney Cancer – Blood in urine may be an early sign.
- Inherited Disorders – Such as sickle cell anemia or Alport syndrome.
Symptoms to Watch For
While hematuria itself is a symptom, it may come with other signs depending on the cause:
- Painful urination
- Frequent urination
- Lower back or abdominal pain
- Fever or chills (if infection is present)
- Swelling in legs or face (if kidney-related)
Note: If you see blood in your urine even once, consult a doctor, especially if you also experience pain, fever, or unexplained weight loss.
Diagnosing Hematuria
To find the cause, your doctor may recommend:
- Urine Tests: To check for infection, kidney function, or abnormal cells.
- Blood Tests: To assess kidney health.
- Imaging Tests: Ultrasound, CT scan, or MRI to detect stones, tumors, or structural issues.
- Cystoscopy: A thin tube with a camera examines the bladder and urethra.
Treatment Options
Treatment depends on the underlying cause:
1. For UTIs
- Antibiotics are prescribed to clear the infection.
2. For Kidney or Bladder Stones
- Drinking plenty of water helps pass small stones.
- Larger stones may require shockwave therapy (lithotripsy) or surgical removal.
3. For Enlarged Prostate
- Medications or surgery may be needed to relieve pressure on the urethra.
4. For Kidney Disease
- Managing blood pressure, diet changes, and medications help slow disease progression.
5. For Cancer
- Treatment may include surgery, chemotherapy, or radiation, depending on the stage.
Lifestyle and Prevention Tips
While not all cases of hematuria can be prevented, these steps can reduce risks:
- Stay Hydrated – Drinking water helps flush out bacteria and prevent stones.
- Practice Good Hygiene – Prevents UTIs, especially in women.
- Avoid Smoking – Smoking increases the risk of bladder cancer.
- Exercise Moderately – Avoid extreme workouts that may irritate the bladder.
- Follow Medication Guidelines – If on blood thinners, monitor for unusual bleeding.
When to See a Doctor
Seek immediate medical attention if you experience:
- Persistent blood in urine
- Severe pain in the back or abdomen
- Difficulty urinating
- Fever or nausea along with hematuria
Early diagnosis can prevent complications, so don’t delay consulting a healthcare provider.
How Apollo 24|7 Can Help
If you notice blood in your urine or have related symptoms, Apollo 24|7 makes it easy to:
- Consult a doctor online for expert advice.
- Book lab tests to diagnose the cause.
- Get prescriptions and treatment plans from specialists.
Final Thoughts
Hematuria can be a sign of various conditions, from minor infections to serious illnesses. While it’s not always a cause for alarm, it should never be ignored. By understanding the possible causes and seeking timely medical advice, you can ensure proper diagnosis and treatment.
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Dr. Sahana B
General Practitioner
3 Years • MBBS
Koppal
Khushi multi-speciality hospital, Koppal
Dr. Mohammed Kamran
General Practitioner
5 Years • MBBS, FIDM
Nashik
Apollo 24|7 Clinic - Maharashtra, Nashik
Dr. Mohammed Huzef Ul Arifeen
General Practitioner
3 Years • MBBS
Hyderabad
Apollo 24|7 Clinic - Telangana, Hyderabad
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20 Years • MBBS, AA AM -Certified in Aesthetic Medicine, PG Diploma in Clinical Dermatology, American Hair loss council - Cosmetic Dermatologist, Certificate of training in Cosmetic Dermatologist & Aesthetic Physician)
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Kosmedix hair and skin clinic, Bengaluru
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PRESTIGE SHANTHINIKETAN - SOCIETY CLINIC, Bengaluru