Understanding Hernia: Causes and Treatments
Discover the causes, symptoms, and effective treatments for hernias. Learn how to prevent complications and when to seek medical attention.
Written by Dr. J T Hema Pratima
Reviewed by Dr. Dhankecha Mayank Dineshbhai MBBS
Last updated on 7th Aug, 2025
A hernia is a common medical condition that occurs when an organ or fatty tissue pushes through a weak spot in the surrounding muscle or connective tissue. While hernias can develop in different parts of the body, they are most commonly found in the abdomen. If left untreated, a hernia can cause discomfort and, in some cases, serious complications. The good news is that hernias are treatable, and early diagnosis can help prevent further issues.
In this article, we’ll explore what a hernia is, its causes, symptoms, and available treatment options. We’ll also share some helpful tips for managing the condition and when to seek medical help.
What is a Hernia?
A hernia happens when an internal organ or tissue bulges through a weak spot in the muscle or tissue that holds it in place. The most common types of hernias include:
1. Inguinal Hernia: Occurs in the groin area and is more common in men.
2. Femoral Hernia: Also found in the groin but more common in women.
3. Umbilical Hernia: Develops near the belly button, often seen in babies.
4. Hiatal Hernia: Occurs when part of the stomach pushes into the chest cavity.
5. Incisional Hernia: Develops at the site of a previous surgical incision.
Common Causes of Hernia
Hernias can develop due to a combination of muscle weakness and strain. Some common causes include:
Heavy Lifting: Straining while lifting heavy objects can increase pressure on the abdomen.
Chronic Coughing or Sneezing: Persistent coughing (due to smoking or lung conditions) can weaken muscles over time.
Obesity: Excess weight puts extra pressure on abdominal muscles.
Pregnancy: The growing uterus can strain the abdominal wall.
Constipation: Straining during bowel movements can contribute to hernia formation.
Previous Surgery: Weakness in the abdominal wall after surgery may lead to an incisional hernia.
Symptoms of a Hernia
The most noticeable sign of a hernia is a bulge or lump in the affected area, which may become more prominent when standing, coughing, or straining. Other symptoms include:
Pain or discomfort, especially when bending over, lifting, or coughing
A feeling of heaviness or pressure in the abdomen
Burning or aching sensation near the bulge
Difficulty swallowing (in case of a hiatal hernia)
In some cases, a hernia may become strangulated, meaning the blood supply to the trapped tissue is cut off. This is a medical emergency and requires immediate attention. Symptoms of a strangulated hernia include:
Severe pain
Nausea and vomiting
Redness or darkening of the bulge
Inability to push the hernia back in
If you experience these symptoms, seek medical help right away.
Consult Top Specialists
Treatment Options for Hernia
The treatment for a hernia depends on its size, location, and severity. The two main approaches are:
1. Watchful Waiting (For Small or Asymptomatic Hernias)
If the hernia is small and not causing discomfort, your doctor may recommend monitoring it without immediate surgery. However, lifestyle changes can help prevent it from worsening.
2. Surgical Repair (For Larger or Painful Hernias)
Surgery is often the most effective treatment for hernias that cause pain or complications. The two main types of hernia surgery are:
Open Hernia Repair: A surgeon makes an incision near the hernia, pushes the protruding tissue back into place, and reinforces the weakened area with stitches or a mesh.
Laparoscopic (Minimally Invasive) Repair: Small incisions are made, and a tiny camera (laparoscope) is used to guide the repair. This method usually involves less pain and faster recovery.
Tips for Managing a Hernia
While surgery is often necessary, certain lifestyle changes can help manage symptoms and prevent hernias from worsening:
Avoid Heavy Lifting: If you must lift something, bend your knees and keep your back straight.
Maintain a Healthy Weight: Excess weight increases abdominal pressure.
Eat a High-Fibre Diet: Prevents constipation and straining during bowel movements.
Quit Smoking: Reduces chronic coughing, which can weaken muscles.
Strengthen Core Muscles: Gentle exercises (like walking or yoga) can help, but avoid strenuous workouts.
When to See a Doctor?
Consult a doctor if:
You notice a new bulge or lump in your abdomen or groin.
The hernia becomes painful or tender.
You experience nausea, vomiting, or fever along with hernia symptoms.
Early diagnosis and treatment can prevent complications. If you suspect a hernia or need expert advice, you can book a consultation with a specialist on Apollo 24|7 for personalised care.
Conclusion
A hernia is a common but manageable condition. While some hernias may not require immediate treatment, others may need surgical intervention to prevent complications. By understanding the causes, symptoms, and treatment options, you can take proactive steps to protect your health.
If you’re experiencing hernia-related discomfort or want to explore treatment options, don’t hesitate to reach out to a healthcare professional. Schedule an appointment today to get the right guidance and care.
Consult Top Specialists
Consult Top Specialists
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