Hyperglycaemia Symptoms and Long-Term Effects
Learn about hyperglycaemia, its early symptoms, potential causes, and the long-term health effects if left unmanaged. Understand how to recognise and control high blood sugar levels effectively.
Written by Dr. M L Ezhilarasan
Reviewed by Dr. Mohammed Kamran MBBS, FIDM
Last updated on 4th Sep, 2025
Hyperglycaemia, commonly known as high blood sugar, is a condition where the glucose levels in your blood are higher than normal. It is often associated with diabetes but can also occur due to other factors. If left unmanaged, hyperglycaemia can lead to serious health complications.
This article will help you understand the symptoms, causes, and long-term effects of hyperglycaemia, along with practical tips to manage it effectively.
What is Hyperglycaemia?
Hyperglycaemia happens when your body doesn’t produce enough insulin (a hormone that regulates blood sugar) or when your body cannot use insulin effectively. This leads to excess sugar staying in your bloodstream instead of being absorbed by cells for energy.
Common Causes of Hyperglycaemia
- Diabetes (Type 1 or Type 2): The most common cause.
- Poor diet: Eating too many sugary or high-carb foods.
- Lack of physical activity: Exercise helps regulate blood sugar.
- Stress or illness: Can temporarily increase blood sugar levels.
- Missing diabetes medication or insulin doses.
Symptoms of Hyperglycaemia
Recognising the signs early can help prevent complications. Symptoms may develop gradually, so it’s important to monitor them closely, especially if you have diabetes.
Early Symptoms
- Increased thirst (feeling very thirsty even after drinking water).
- Frequent urination (needing to pee more often, especially at night).
- Fatigue (feeling unusually tired or weak).
- Blurred vision (difficulty focusing clearly).
- Headaches (persistent or severe).
Severe Symptoms (Seek Medical Help Immediately)
- Nausea or vomiting
- Shortness of breath
- Confusion or difficulty concentrating
- Fruity-smelling breath (a sign of diabetic ketoacidosis, a dangerous condition).
If you experience severe symptoms, consult a doctor right away.
Long-Term Effects of Uncontrolled Hyperglycaemia
If high blood sugar levels persist over time, they can damage various organs and lead to serious complications.
1. Cardiovascular Problems
- Increased risk of heart disease, heart attack, and stroke.
- Damage to blood vessels, leading to poor circulation.
2. Nerve Damage (Diabetic Neuropathy)
- Tingling, numbness, or pain in hands and feet.
- Digestive issues (gastroparesis – delayed stomach emptying).
- Sexual dysfunction in men and women.
3. Kidney Damage (Diabetic Nephropathy)
- Reduced kidney function, possibly leading to kidney failure.
- Protein leakage in urine (an early sign of kidney damage).
4. Eye Damage (Diabetic Retinopathy)
- Blurred vision, dark spots, or even blindness.
- Higher risk of cataracts and glaucoma.
5. Foot Complications
- Poor blood flow and nerve damage increase the risk of infections and ulcers.
- In severe cases, amputation may be necessary.
6. Skin Conditions
- Slow wound healing.
- Increased risk of bacterial and fungal infections.
Consult Top Specialists
How to Manage Hyperglycaemia?
The good news is that hyperglycaemia can be controlled with lifestyle changes and proper medical care.
1. Monitor Blood Sugar Regularly
- Use a glucometer to check blood sugar levels as advised by your doctor.
- Keep a log to track patterns and adjust treatment if needed.
2. Follow a Balanced Diet
- Avoid sugary foods, refined carbs, and processed snacks.
- Eat more fibre-rich foods (vegetables, whole grains, legumes).
- Choose lean proteins (fish, chicken, tofu) and healthy fats (nuts, avocados).
- Control portion sizes to prevent blood sugar spikes.
3. Stay Active
- Exercise regularly (walking, yoga, swimming) for at least 30 minutes daily.
- Physical activity helps lower blood sugar and improves insulin sensitivity.
4. Take Medications as Prescribed
- If you have diabetes, follow your doctor’s advice on insulin or oral medications.
- Never skip doses without consulting your healthcare provider.
5. Stay Hydrated
- Drink plenty of water to help flush out excess sugar through urine.
6. Manage Stress
- Practice relaxation techniques like deep breathing, meditation, or yoga.
- High stress can raise blood sugar levels.
7. Get Regular Health Check-ups
- Visit your doctor for routine tests (HbA1c, kidney function, eye exams).
- Early detection of complications can prevent severe damage.
When to See a Doctor?
If you experience:
- Persistent high blood sugar readings.
- Symptoms of severe hyperglycaemia (nausea, confusion, fruity breath).
- Frequent infections or slow-healing wounds.
Don’t ignore the warning signs! Early intervention can prevent long-term damage.
Need Help? Book a Consultation Today!
If you or a loved one is struggling with high blood sugar, Apollo 24|7 offers expert consultations and diabetes management programs.
Book an online appointment with an endocrinologist to get personalised care and guidance. Managing hyperglycaemia is possible with the right knowledge and support. Take control of your health today!
Conclusion
Hyperglycaemia is a serious condition, but with proper awareness and lifestyle adjustments, you can keep your blood sugar levels in check and reduce the risk of complications. Stay informed, stay active, and work closely with your healthcare provider for the best outcomes.
Your health matters—take the first step towards better management today!
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Consult Top Specialists
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Consult Top Specialists
Dr Vinay Kumar A V
Nephrologist
8 Years • MBBS, MD - General Medicine, DM - Nephrology
Bilaspur
Apollo Hospitals Seepat Road, Bilaspur
Dr. V K Aneja
General Physician/ Internal Medicine Specialist
38 Years • MBBS, MD (Med.)
Delhi
Apollo Hospitals Indraprastha, Delhi
(75+ Patients)
Dr. Kavitha Subash
General Physician/ Internal Medicine Specialist
15 Years • MBBS, MD
Chennai
Apollo Speciality Hospitals Vanagaram, Chennai
Dr. Manohar Prasad Bomidi
General Physician/ Internal Medicine Specialist
17 Years • MBBS, MD (Gen. Med.)
Kakinada
Apollo Hospitals Surya Rao Peta, Kakinada
(175+ Patients)
Dr. Indrajit Das
General Physician/ Internal Medicine Specialist
4 Years • "MD (Internal medicine) : Gauhati Medical College and Hospital, Guwahati (2018-2021) MD (Pathology) : Gauhati Medical College and Hospital, Guwahati (2012-2015) MBBS (Bachelor of Medicine, Bachelor of Surgery) : Silchar Medical College, Assam (2003-2008) "
Guwahati
Apollo Excelcare Hospital, Guwahati
