Lactose Intolerance Overview and Management
Lactose intolerance causes bloating, gas, and digestive discomfort after consuming dairy. Learn its symptoms, causes, diagnosis, and practical tips for managing it with diet, lifestyle changes, and alternatives.
Written by Dr. Shaik Abdul Kalam
Reviewed by Dr. Rohinipriyanka Pondugula MBBS
Last updated on 2nd Sep, 2025
Do you feel bloated, gassy, or uncomfortable after drinking milk or eating dairy products? You might be lactose intolerant. Lactose intolerance is a common digestive issue where the body struggles to digest lactose, a sugar found in milk and dairy. While it isn’t dangerous, it can cause discomfort. The good news? With the right knowledge and adjustments, you can manage it well and still enjoy a healthy diet.
In this article, we’ll break down lactose intolerance in simple terms; what it is, why it happens, symptoms to watch for, and practical ways to live comfortably with it.
What is Lactose Intolerance?
Lactose intolerance occurs when your small intestine doesn’t produce enough lactase, the enzyme needed to break down lactose. When undigested lactose moves into the colon, it ferments, causing gas, bloating, and other digestive issues.
Types of Lactose Intolerance
1. Primary Lactose Intolerance – The most common type, where lactase production decreases with age (common in adults).
2. Secondary Lactose Intolerance – Caused by gut infections, celiac disease, or digestive disorders that damage the intestine.
3. Congenital Lactose Intolerance – A rare genetic condition where babies are born with little or no lactase.
4. Developmental Lactose Intolerance – Seen in premature babies whose digestive systems aren’t fully developed.
Common Symptoms of Lactose Intolerance
Symptoms usually appear 30 minutes to 2 hours after consuming dairy and may include:
- Bloating
- Gas
- Stomach cramps
- Diarrhea
- Nausea
- Occasional constipation
These symptoms can vary from mild to severe, depending on how much lactose you consume and your tolerance level.
What Causes Lactose Intolerance?
The main cause is low lactase production, but other factors include:
- Genetics – More common in people of Asian, African, Native American, or Hispanic descent.
- Digestive Diseases – Conditions like Crohn’s, celiac disease, or infections can reduce lactase.
- Aging – Lactase production naturally decreases with age.
- Certain Treatments – Chemotherapy or antibiotics may temporarily affect digestion.
How is Lactose Intolerance Diagnosed?
If you suspect lactose intolerance, consult a doctor. They may recommend:
1. Lactose Tolerance Test – Measures blood sugar levels after consuming a lactose drink.
2. Hydrogen Breath Test – Checks hydrogen levels in your breath (high levels indicate poor lactose digestion).
3. Stool Acidity Test – Used for infants and children to detect undigested lactose.
If you experience persistent digestive issues, consider booking a consultation with a gastroenterologist through Apollo 24|7 for proper diagnosis.
Get Your Health Assessed
Managing Lactose Intolerance: Diet & Lifestyle Tips
While there’s no cure, you can manage symptoms effectively with these strategies:
1. Adjust Your Dairy Intake
- Try Lactose-Free Milk & Dairy Products – Many brands offer lactose-free alternatives.
- Opt for Hard Cheeses (Cheddar, Swiss, Parmesan) – These have lower lactose.
- Yogurt with Live Cultures – Helps digest lactose better.
2. Use Lactase Enzyme Supplements
Over-the-counter lactase pills (like Lactaid) can help digest dairy when taken before meals.
3. Read Food Labels Carefully
Lactose hides in processed foods like bread, cereals, salad dressings, and even some medications.
4. Try Dairy Alternatives
- Almond, soy, oat, or coconut milk are great substitutes.
- Calcium-fortified foods (leafy greens, tofu, almonds) help maintain nutrition.
5. Gradually Test Your Tolerance
- Some people can handle small amounts of dairy without symptoms.
- Nutritional Concerns: Getting Enough Calcium & Vitamin D
- Since dairy is a major calcium and vitamin D source, lactose-intolerant individuals should ensure they get these nutrients from:
- Calcium-rich foods: Spinach, broccoli, almonds, fortified juices.
- Vitamin D sources: Fatty fish (salmon), egg yolks, sunlight exposure.
- Supplements (if needed) – Consult a doctor before taking any.
When to See a Doctor?
Most cases can be managed at home, but seek medical advice if:
- Symptoms persist despite dietary changes.
- You experience unexplained weight loss or severe diarrhea.
- You suspect an underlying condition (like celiac disease).
- For expert guidance, you can schedule a consultation with a specialist on Apollo 24|7.
Final Thoughts
Lactose intolerance doesn’t mean giving up all dairy forever. With smart food choices and small adjustments, you can enjoy meals without discomfort. Listen to your body, experiment with alternatives, and consult a doctor if needed.
Remember, you’re not alone; many people live happily with lactose intolerance by making simple, mindful changes.
Consult a Gastroenterologist for Personalised Advice
Consult a Gastroenterologist for Personalised Advice
Prof. Dr. M S Revathy
Gastroenterology/gi Medicine Specialist
22 Years • MBBS, MD(GM), DM (Med. Gastro)
Chennai
Apollo Hospitals Greams Road, Chennai
(225+ Patients)
Dr. Aditya Shah
Gastroenterology/gi Medicine Specialist
10 Years • MBBS, MD General Medicine, DM Medical Gastroenterology
Chennai
Apollo Hospitals Greams Road, Chennai
(125+ Patients)
Dr. Amit Pandita
Gastroenterology/gi Medicine Specialist
10 Years • MBBS. MD (INTERNAL MEDICINE) DrNB (GASTROENTEROLOGY AND HEPATOLOGY)
Delhi
Apollo Hospitals Indraprastha, Delhi
Dr Piyush Vishwakarma
Gastroenterology/gi Medicine Specialist
11 Years • MBBS, MD, DrNB,
Delhi
Apollo Hospitals Indraprastha, Delhi
Dr. Shivaraj Afzalpurkar
Gastroenterology/gi Medicine Specialist
13 Years • MBBS, MD General medicine (Gold medalist), DrNB (Gastroenterology), MNAMS
Bengaluru
Apollo Clinic, JP nagar, Bengaluru