Melasma Overview: Symptoms, Causes, and Treatments
Melasma causes dark patches on the face, often triggered by sun exposure or hormones. Learn about symptoms, causes, and effective treatments to manage melasma and improve skin tone.
Written by Dr. D Bhanu Prakash
Reviewed by Dr. Rohinipriyanka Pondugula MBBS
Last updated on 25th Aug, 2025
Melasma is a common skin condition that causes dark, discolored patches on the face, primarily affecting women, especially those with darker skin tones. While it is not harmful or painful, melasma can be frustrating and affect self-confidence. The good news is that with the right care and treatment, it can be managed effectively.
What is Melasma?
Melasma is a skin disorder that leads to brown or grayish-brown patches, usually appearing on the cheeks, forehead, nose, chin, or upper lip. These patches develop due to an overproduction of melanin (the pigment that gives skin its color). Melasma is often called the "mask of pregnancy" because it frequently occurs in pregnant women due to hormonal changes. However, it can affect anyone.
Symptoms of Melasma
The most noticeable symptom of melasma is dark, irregularly shaped patches on the face. These patches:
- Are symmetrical (appear on both sides of the face).
- Mostly affect the cheeks, forehead, bridge of the nose, and upper lip.
- Do not cause pain, itching, or discomfort.
- May worsen with sun exposure.
What Causes Melasma?
The exact cause of melasma is not fully understood, but several factors contribute to its development:
1. Hormonal Changes
- Pregnancy (due to increased estrogen and progesterone).
- Birth control pills or hormone replacement therapy.
- Thyroid disorders.
2. Sun Exposure
- UV rays stimulate melanocytes (pigment-producing cells), worsening melasma.
- Even small amounts of sun exposure can trigger or darken patches.
3. Genetics
- If a close family member has melasma, you may be more likely to develop it.
4. Skin Irritation & Cosmetics
- Harsh skincare products can irritate the skin and worsen pigmentation.
Who is at Risk?
- Women (90% of melasma cases occur in women).
- People with darker skin tones (more melanin makes them prone to pigmentation).
- Those living in sunny climates (UV exposure increases risk).
- Individuals with a family history of melasma.
Diagnosis
A dermatologist can usually diagnose melasma by examining the skin. In some cases, they may use a Wood’s lamp (a special light) to check the depth of pigmentation. Rarely, a small skin biopsy may be needed to rule out other conditions.
Treatment Options for Melasma
While melasma can be stubborn, several treatments can help lighten the patches. Since it is a chronic condition, ongoing care is essential.
1. Topical Treatments (Medicated Creams)
- Hydroquinone (2-4%) – A skin-lightening agent that reduces melanin production.
- Tretinoin & Corticosteroids – Helps exfoliate and lighten skin.
- Azelaic Acid & Kojic Acid – Gentle alternatives for sensitive skin.
- Vitamin C & Niacinamide – Antioxidants that brighten skin.
- Note: Always use these under a doctor’s supervision to avoid side effects like irritation.
Consult Top Dermatologist
2. Procedures (Performed by Dermatologists)
- Chemical Peels – Removes the top layer of pigmented skin.
- Microdermabrasion – Exfoliates to reduce dark patches.
- Laser Therapy – Targets deeper pigmentation (not suitable for all skin types).
3. Sun Protection; The Most Important Step!
- Use broad-spectrum sunscreen (SPF 30+) daily, even indoors.
- Wear wide-brimmed hats and sunglasses when outdoors.
- Avoid peak sun hours (10 AM – 4 PM).
4. Home Remedies & Lifestyle Changes
- Aloe Vera Gel – Soothes and may help lighten pigmentation.
- Turmeric & Honey Mask – Natural brightening properties.
- Stay Hydrated – Healthy skin starts from within.
- Gentle Skincare – Avoid harsh scrubs or fragranced products.
Can Melasma Be Cured Permanently?
Melasma can fade with treatment but may return if triggers (like sun exposure or hormonal changes) are not controlled. Consistency in skincare and sun protection is key to managing it long-term.
When to See a Doctor?
If melasma affects your confidence or doesn’t improve with over-the-counter treatments, consult a dermatologist. They can recommend stronger medications or procedures tailored to your skin type.
Book a Consultation with Apollo24|7
If you’re struggling with melasma, Apollo24|7 offers expert dermatologists who can guide you with personalized treatment plans. You can easily book an online consultation or schedule a skin test from the comfort of your home.
Final Thoughts
Melasma is a common and treatable condition. While it may take time to see results, a combination of medical treatments, sun protection, and gentle skincare can help you achieve clearer, more even-toned skin. Remember, patience and consistency are your best allies in managing melasma!
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Consult Top Dermatologist
Dr. Somshukla Ray
Dermatologist
10 Years • MBBS, MD (Dermatology,Venerology & Leprosy), DNB (Dermatology,Venerology & Leprosy)
Kolkata
MCR SUPER SPECIALITY POLY CLINIC & PATHOLOGY, Kolkata
(25+ Patients)
Dr. Madhab Datta
Dermatologist
5 Years • MBBS, MD (DVL)
Kolkata
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Dermatologist
5 Years • MBBS, MD Dermatology, Venerology & Leprosy
Kolkata
MCR SUPER SPECIALITY POLY CLINIC & PATHOLOGY, Kolkata
Dr. Sonal Jain
Dermatologist
9 Years • MBBS, MD Dermatology, Venerology & Leprosy
Kolkata
MCR SUPER SPECIALITY POLY CLINIC & PATHOLOGY, Kolkata
Dr. Benugopal Mohapatra
Dermatologist
9 Years • MBBS, DNB (Derm, Ven & Lep)
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